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EM Identity and Description

EM Identification (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Short Name em.detail.shortNameHelp ?	3-PG, South Australia	*	*
EM Full Name em.detail.fullNameHelp ?	3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), South Australia	*	*
EM Source or Collection em.detail.emSourceOrCollectionHelp ?	None	*	*
EM Source Document ID	243	*	*
Document Author em.detail.documentAuthorHelp ?	Crossman, N. D., Bryan, B. A., and Summers, D. M.	*	*
Document Year em.detail.documentYearHelp ?	2011	*	*
Document Title em.detail.sourceIdHelp ?	Carbon payments and low-cost conservation	*	*
Document Status em.detail.statusCategoryHelp ?	Peer reviewed and published	*	*
Comments on Status em.detail.commentsOnStatusHelp ?	Published journal manuscript	*	*

Software and Access (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Software Access info Exit em.detail.modelAccessInformationHelp ?	http://www.csiro.au/products/3PGProductivity#a1	*	*
Contact Name em.detail.contactNameHelp ?	Anders Siggins	*	*
Contact Address	Not reported	*	*
Contact Email	Anders.Siggins@csiro.au	*	*

EM Description (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Summary Description em.detail.summaryDescriptionHelp ?	AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Carbon trading and its resultant market for carbon offsets are expected to drive investment in the sequestration of carbon through tree plantings (i.e., carbon plantings). Most carbon-planting investment has been in monocultures of trees that offer a rapid return on investment but have relatively little compositional and structural diversity (Bekessy & Wintle 2008; Munro et al. 2009). There are additional benefits available should carbon plantings comprise native species of diverse composition and age that are planted strategically to meet conservation and restoration objectives (hereafter ecological carbon plantings) (Bekessy &Wintle 2008; Dwyer et al. 2009; Bekessy et al. 2010). Ecological carbon plantings may increase availability of resources and refugia for native animals, but they often yield less carbon and are more expensive to establish than monocultures and therefore are less profitable…We used the tree-stand growth model 3-PG (physiological principles predicting growth) (Landsberg & Waring 1997) to simulate annual carbon sequestration under permanent carbon plantings in the part of the study area cleared for agriculture. The 3-PG model calculates total above- and below-ground biomass of a stand after accounting for soil water deficit, atmospheric vapor pressure deficits, and stand age…The 3-PG model was originally parameterized for a generic species, but species-specific parameters have since been calibrated for many commercially valuable trees (Paul et al. 2007) and most recently for mixed species used in permanent ecological restoration plantings (Polglase et al. 2008). We simulated four carbon-planting systems described in Polglase et al. (2008) for which the plants in the systems would grow in our study area. All species were native to areas of Australia with climate similar to that in the study area. We simulated the annual growth of three trees typically grown in monoculture (Eucalyptus globulus, native to Tasmania, constrained to precipitation ≥ 550 mm/year; Eucalyptus camaldulensis, native to the study area, constrained to 350–549 mm/year; Eucalyptus kochii, native to Western Australia, constrained to <350 mm/year). For the simulations of ecological carbon plantings we used a set of trees and shrubs representative of those planted for ecological restoration in temperate southern Australia (species list in England et al. 2006).We assumed the ecological carbon plantings were planted and managed in such a way as to comply with the definition of ecological restoration (Society for Ecological Restoration International Science and PolicyWorking Group 2004)."	AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Carbon trading and its resultant market for carbon offsets are expected to drive investment in the sequestration of carbon through tree plantings (i.e., carbon plantings). Most carbon-planting investment has been in monocultures of trees that offer a rapid return on investment but have relatively little compositional and structural diversity (Bekessy & Wintle 2008; Munro et al. 2009). There are additional benefits available should carbon plantings comprise native species of diverse composition and age that are planted strategically to meet conservation and restoration objectives (hereafter ecological carbon plantings) (Bekessy &Wintle 2008; Dwyer et al. 2009; Bekessy et al. 2010). Ecological carbon plantings may increase availability of resources and refugia for native animals, but they often yield less carbon and are more expensive to establish than monocultures and therefore are less profitable…We used the tree-stand growth model 3-PG (physiological principles predicting growth) (Landsberg & Waring 1997) to simulate annual carbon sequestration under permanent carbon plantings in the part of the study area cleared for agriculture. The 3-PG model calculates total above- and below-ground biomass of a stand after accounting for soil water deficit, atmospheric vapor pressure deficits, and stand age…The 3-PG model was originally parameterized for a generic species, but species-specific parameters have since been calibrated for many commercially valuable trees (Paul et al. 2007) and most recently for mixed species used in permanent ecological restoration plantings (Polglase et al. 2008). We simulated four carbon-planting systems described in Polglase et al. (2008) for which the plants in the systems would grow in our study area. All species were native to areas of Australia with climate similar to that in the study area. We simulated the annual growth of three trees typically grown in monoculture (Eucalyptus globulus, native to Tasmania, constrained to precipitation ≥ 550 mm/year; Eucalyptus camaldulensis, native to the study area, constrained to 350–549 mm/year; Eucalyptus kochii, native to Western Australia, constrained to <350 mm/year). For the simulations of ecological carbon plantings we used a set of trees and shrubs representative of those planted for ecological restoration in temperate southern Australia (species list in England et al. 2006).We assumed the ecological carbon plantings were planted and managed in such a way as to comply with the definition of ecological restoration (Society for Ecological Restoration International Science and PolicyWorking Group 2004)."	AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Carbon trading and its resultant market for carbon offsets are expected to drive investment in the sequestration of carbon through tree plantings (i.e., carbon plantings). Most carbon-planting investment has been in monocultures of trees that offer a rapid return on investment but have relatively little compositional and structural diversity (Bekessy & Wintle 2008; Munro et al. 2009). There are additional benefits available should carbon plantings comprise native species of diverse composition and age that are planted strategically to meet conservation and restoration objectives (hereafter ecological carbon plantings) (Bekessy &Wintle 2008; Dwyer et al. 2009; Bekessy et al. 2010). Ecological carbon plantings may increase availability of resources and refugia for native animals, but they often yield less carbon and are more expensive to establish than monocultures and therefore are less profitable…We used the tree-stand growth model 3-PG (physiological principles predicting growth) (Landsberg & Waring 1997) to simulate annual carbon sequestration under permanent carbon plantings in the part of the study area cleared for agriculture. The 3-PG model calculates total above- and below-ground biomass of a stand after accounting for soil water deficit, atmospheric vapor pressure deficits, and stand age…The 3-PG model was originally parameterized for a generic species, but species-specific parameters have since been calibrated for many commercially valuable trees (Paul et al. 2007) and most recently for mixed species used in permanent ecological restoration plantings (Polglase et al. 2008). We simulated four carbon-planting systems described in Polglase et al. (2008) for which the plants in the systems would grow in our study area. All species were native to areas of Australia with climate similar to that in the study area. We simulated the annual growth of three trees typically grown in monoculture (Eucalyptus globulus, native to Tasmania, constrained to precipitation ≥ 550 mm/year; Eucalyptus camaldulensis, native to the study area, constrained to 350–549 mm/year; Eucalyptus kochii, native to Western Australia, constrained to <350 mm/year). For the simulations of ecological carbon plantings we used a set of trees and shrubs representative of those planted for ecological restoration in temperate southern Australia (species list in England et al. 2006).We assumed the ecological carbon plantings were planted and managed in such a way as to comply with the definition of ecological restoration (Society for Ecological Restoration International Science and PolicyWorking Group 2004)."
Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp ?	None identified	*	*
Biophysical Context	Mix of remnant native vegetation and agricultural land. Remnant vegetation is in 20 large (>10,000 ha) contiguous fragments where rainfall is low. Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus spp. are the dominant tree species in the remnant vegetation, and major native vegetation types are open forests, woodlands, and open woodlands. Dominant agricultural uses are annual crops, annual legumes, and grazing of sheep and cows. The climate is Mediterranean with average annual rainfall ranging from 250 mm to 1000 mm.	*	*
EM Scenario Drivers em.detail.scenarioDriverHelp ?	Four carbon-planting systems including hardwood and mallee monoculture plantings, and mixed species ecological carbon plantings	Mixed species ecological carbon plantings	Plantings of three tree species typically grown in monoculture

EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run em.detail.methodOrAppHelp ?	Method + Application (multiple runs exist) ? Comment: Runs are differentiated based on the the average annual biomass flux and carbon sequestration from two types of carbon plantings: 1) Tree-based monocultures of three different species (i.e., monoculture carbon planting) and 2) Diverse plantings of nine different native tree and shrub species (i.e., ecological carbon planting)	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application
New or Pre-existing EM? em.detail.newOrExistHelp ?	Application of existing model	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings

Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Document ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp ?	Doc-243 \| Doc-246 \| Doc-245	None	None
EM ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp ?	None	None	None

EM Modeling Approach

EM Relationship to Time (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Temporal Extent em.detail.tempExtentHelp ?	2009-2050	*	*
EM Time Dependence em.detail.timeDependencyHelp ?	time-dependent	*	*
EM Time Reference (Future/Past) em.detail.futurePastHelp ?	future time	*	*
EM Time Continuity em.detail.continueDiscreteHelp ?	discrete	*	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Value em.detail.tempGrainSizeHelp ?	1	*	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Unit em.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp ?	Month	*	*

EM spatial extent (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Bounding Type em.detail.boundingTypeHelp ?	Physiographic or Ecological	*	*
Spatial Extent Name em.detail.extentNameHelp ?	Agricultural districts of the state of South Australia	*	*
Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude) em.detail.extentAreaHelp ?	100,000-1,000,000 km^2	*	*

Spatial Distribution of Computations (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Spatial Distribution em.detail.distributeLumpHelp ?	spatially distributed (in at least some cases)	*	*
Spatial Grain Type em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp ?	area, for pixel or radial feature	*	*
Spatial Grain Size em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp ?	1 ha x 1 ha	*	*

EM Structure and Computation Approach (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Computational Approach em.detail.emComputationalApproachHelp ?	Numeric	*	*
EM Determinism em.detail.deterStochHelp ?	deterministic	*	*
Statistical Estimation of EM em.detail.statisticalEstimationHelp ?	Conventional (frequentist) statistics	*	*

Model Checking Procedures Used (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Model Calibration Reported? em.detail.calibrationHelp ?	Yes	*	*
Model Goodness of Fit Reported? em.detail.goodnessFitHelp ?	No	*	*
Goodness of Fit (metric\| value \| unit) em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp ?	None	*	*
Model Operational Validation Reported? em.detail.validationHelp ?	No	*	*
Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported? em.detail.uncertaintyAnalysisHelp ?	No	*	*
Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported? em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp ?	No	*	*
Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions? em.detail.interactionConsiderHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*

EM Locations, Environments, Ecology

Location of EM Application (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])

EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Oceania Australia	*	*

Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)

EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
None	*	*

Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Centroid Latitude em.detail.ddLatHelp ?	-34.9	*	*
Centroid Longitude em.detail.ddLongHelp ?	138.7	*	*
Centroid Datum em.detail.datumHelp ?	WGS84	*	*
Centroid Coordinates Status em.detail.coordinateStatusHelp ?	Estimated	*	*

Environments and Scales Modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Environmental Sub-Class em.detail.emEnvironmentalSubclassHelp ?	Forests \| Agroecosystems	*	*
Specific Environment Type em.detail.specificEnvTypeHelp ?	Agricultural land for annual crops, annual legumes, and grazing of sheep and cows	*	*
EM Ecological Scale em.detail.ecoScaleHelp ?	Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class	*	*

Organisms modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
EM Organismal Scale em.detail.orgScaleHelp ?	Species	*	*

Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified

EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Species Acacia implexa Eucalyptus microcarpa Acacia verniciflua Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus sideroxylon Acacia mearnsii Acacia pycnantha Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus kochii Acacia dealbata	Species Acacia implexa Eucalyptus microcarpa Acacia verniciflua Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus sideroxylon Acacia mearnsii Acacia pycnantha Eucalyptus camaldulensis Acacia dealbata	Species Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus kochii

EnviroAtlas URL

EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
GAP Ecological Systems, Average Annual Precipitation, Acres of Land Enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)	GAP Ecological Systems, Average Annual Precipitation, Acres of Land Enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)	None Available

EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system

* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left

CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)

EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
[Ecosystem] Regulation & Maintenance Mediation of waste, toxics and other nuisances Mediation by biota Filtration/sequestration/storage/accumulation by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and animals	*	*

National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus

(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)

EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Forests (21) Flora (5) Trees Stock Indicator	*	*

EM Variable Names (and Units)

* Note that for runs, variable name is displayed only where data for that variable differed by run AND those differences were reported in the source document. Where differences occurred but were not reported, the variable is not listed. Click on variable name to view details.

To view run information for variables, select any variable below or view run data for all variables.

Predictor

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Driving Variables (and Units) em.detail.drivingVariableHelp ?	Initial soil water content (% of field capacity) Latitude (°S) Mean annual frost days per month (days) Mean annual rain days per month (days) Monthly mean maximum temperature (°C) Monthly mean minimum temperature (°C) Monthly mean solar radiation (MJ m^-2 d^-1) Soil depth (m) Soil fertility (Not applicable) Soil texture (Not applicable)	Soil fertility (Not applicable)	Initial soil water content (% of field capacity) Latitude (°S) Mean annual frost days per month (days) Mean annual rain days per month (days) Monthly mean maximum temperature (°C) Monthly mean minimum temperature (°C) Monthly mean solar radiation (MJ m^-2 d^-1) Soil depth (m) Soil fertility (Not applicable) Soil texture (Not applicable)
Constant or Factor Variables (and Units) em.detail.constantFactorVariableHelp ?	Initial foliage biomass (Not reported) Initial planting density (stems/ha) Initial root biomass (Not reported) Initial stem biomass (Not reported) Management practices (Not applicable) Maximum canopy conductance (Not reported) Maximum litterfall rate (Not reported) Maximum thickness of water retained on leaves (Not reported) Root turnover rate (Not reported) Sensitivity to age (Not applicable) Sensitivity to frost (Not applicable) Sensitivity to temperature (Not applicable) Stem mass at which self thinning is triggered (Not reported) Volume of soil accessed by roots (Not reported)	Initial foliage biomass (Not reported) Initial root biomass (Not reported) Initial stem biomass (Not reported) Maximum canopy conductance (Not reported) Maximum litterfall rate (Not reported) Maximum thickness of water retained on leaves (Not reported) Root turnover rate (Not reported) Sensitivity to age (Not applicable) Sensitivity to frost (Not applicable) Sensitivity to temperature (Not applicable) Stem mass at which self thinning is triggered (Not reported) Volume of soil accessed by roots (Not reported)	Initial foliage biomass (Not reported) Initial planting density (stems/ha) Initial root biomass (Not reported) Initial stem biomass (Not reported) Management practices (Not applicable) Maximum canopy conductance (Not reported) Maximum litterfall rate (Not reported) Maximum thickness of water retained on leaves (Not reported) Root turnover rate (Not reported) Sensitivity to age (Not applicable) Sensitivity to frost (Not applicable) Sensitivity to temperature (Not applicable) Stem mass at which self thinning is triggered (Not reported) Volume of soil accessed by roots (Not reported)

Intermediate

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units) em.detail.intermediateVariableHelp ?	None	*	*

Response

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-129	Run-Ecological carbon plantings	Run-Monoculture carbon plantings
Observed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.observedResponseHelp ?	None	*	*
Computed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.computedResponseHelp ?	Average annual carbon sequestration (CO2^-e t/ha/yr) Average annual dry biomass flux (t/ha/yr)	Average annual carbon sequestration (CO2^-e t/ha/yr) Average annual dry biomass flux (t/ha/yr)	Average annual carbon sequestration (CO2^-e t/ha/yr) Average annual dry biomass flux (t/ha/yr)

US EPA

EcoService Models Library (ESML)

View Runs

: 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), South Australia (EM-129)