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EM Identity and Description

EM Identification (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Short Name em.detail.shortNameHelp ?	Alwife phosphorus flux in lakes, Connecticut, USA	*	*
EM Full Name em.detail.fullNameHelp ?	Net phosphorus flux in freshwater lakes from alewives, Connecticut, USA	*	*
EM Source or Collection em.detail.emSourceOrCollectionHelp ?	None	*	*
EM Source Document ID	383	*	*
Document Author em.detail.documentAuthorHelp ?	West, D. C., A. W. Walters, S. Gephard, and D. M. Post	*	*
Document Year em.detail.documentYearHelp ?	2010	*	*
Document Title em.detail.sourceIdHelp ?	Nutrient loading by anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus): contemporary patterns and predictions for restoration efforts	*	*
Document Status em.detail.statusCategoryHelp ?	Peer reviewed and published	*	*
Comments on Status em.detail.commentsOnStatusHelp ?	Published journal manuscript	*	*

Software and Access (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Software Access info Exit em.detail.modelAccessInformationHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*
Contact Name em.detail.contactNameHelp ?	Derek C. West	*	*
Contact Address	Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA	*	*
Contact Email	derek.west@yale.edu	*	*

EM Description (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Summary Description em.detail.summaryDescriptionHelp ?	ABSTRACT: "Anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) have the potential to alter the nutrient budgets of coastal lakes as they migrate into freshwater as adults and to sea as juveniles. Alewife runs are generally a source of nutrients to the freshwater lakes in which they spawn, but juveniles may export more nutrients than adults import in newly restored populations. A healthy run of alewives in Connecticut imports substantial quantities of phosphorus; mortality of alewives contributes 0.68 g P_fish–1, while surviving fish add 0.18 g P, 67% of which is excretion. Currently, alewives contribute 23% of the annual phosphorus load to Bride Lake, but this input was much greater historically, with larger runs of bigger fish contributing 2.5 times more phosphorus in the 1960s..." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Here, we evaluate the patterns of net nutrient loading by alewives over a range of population sizes. We concentrate on phosphorus, as it is generally the nutrient that limits production in the lake ecosystems in which alewives spawn (Schindler 1978). First, we estimate net alewife nutrient loading and parameterize an alewife nutrient loading model using data from an existing run of anadromous alewives in Bride Lake. We then compare the current alewife nutrient load to that in the 1960s when alewives were more numerous and larger. Next, since little is known about the actual patterns of nutrient loading during restoration, we predict the net nutrient loading for a newly restored population across a range of adult escapement… Anadromous fish move nutrients both into and out of freshwater ecosystems, although inputs are typically more obvious and much better studied (Moore and Schindler 2004). Net loading into freshwater ecosystems is fully described as inputs due to adult mortality, gametes, and direct excretion of nutrients minus the removal of nutrients from freshwater ecosystems by juvenile fish when they emigrate… Our research was conducted at Bride Lake and Linsley Pond in Connecticut. Bride Lake contains an anadromous alewife population that we used to both evaluate contemporary and historic net nutrient loading by an alewife population and parameterize our general alewife nutrient loading model."	*	*
Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp ?	Restoration and management of diadromous fish runs in coastal New England	Restoration and management of diadromous fish runs in coastal New England.	Restoration and management of diadromous fish runs in coastal New England.
Biophysical Context	Bride Lake is 28.7 ha and linked to Long Island Sound by the 3.3 km Bride Brook.	*	*
EM Scenario Drivers em.detail.scenarioDriverHelp ?	current and historical run size	current (early 2000's) and historical (1960's) run and fish size	current (early 2000's) and historical (1960's) run and fish size

EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run em.detail.methodOrAppHelp ?	Method + Application (multiple runs exist)	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application
New or Pre-existing EM? em.detail.newOrExistHelp ?	New or revised model	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size

Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Document ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp ?	None	None	None
EM ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp ?	EM-667 \| EM-672 \| EM-674 \| EM-673	EM-667	EM-667

EM Modeling Approach

EM Relationship to Time (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Temporal Extent em.detail.tempExtentHelp ?	1960"s and early 2000's	early 2000's (2003-2008)	1960's
EM Time Dependence em.detail.timeDependencyHelp ?	time-stationary	*	*
EM Time Reference (Future/Past) em.detail.futurePastHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*
EM Time Continuity em.detail.continueDiscreteHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Value em.detail.tempGrainSizeHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Unit em.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*

EM spatial extent (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Bounding Type em.detail.boundingTypeHelp ?	Watershed/Catchment/HUC	*	*
Spatial Extent Name em.detail.extentNameHelp ?	Bride Lake and Linsley Pond	*	*
Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude) em.detail.extentAreaHelp ?	10-100 ha	*	*

Spatial Distribution of Computations (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Spatial Distribution em.detail.distributeLumpHelp ?	spatially lumped (in all cases)	*	*
Spatial Grain Type em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*
Spatial Grain Size em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*

EM Structure and Computation Approach (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Computational Approach em.detail.emComputationalApproachHelp ?	Analytic	*	*
EM Determinism em.detail.deterStochHelp ?	deterministic	*	*
Statistical Estimation of EM em.detail.statisticalEstimationHelp ?	Conventional (frequentist) statistics	*	*

Model Checking Procedures Used (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Model Calibration Reported? em.detail.calibrationHelp ?	Yes	*	*
Model Goodness of Fit Reported? em.detail.goodnessFitHelp ?	No	*	*
Goodness of Fit (metric\| value \| unit) em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp ?	None	*	*
Model Operational Validation Reported? em.detail.validationHelp ?	No	*	*
Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported? em.detail.uncertaintyAnalysisHelp ?	No	*	*
Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported? em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp ?	Yes	*	*
Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions? em.detail.interactionConsiderHelp ?	Unclear	*	*

EM Locations, Environments, Ecology

Location of EM Application (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])

EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
North America United States Connecticut	*	*

Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)

EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
None	*	*

Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Centroid Latitude em.detail.ddLatHelp ?	41.33	*	*
Centroid Longitude em.detail.ddLongHelp ?	-72.24	*	*
Centroid Datum em.detail.datumHelp ?	WGS84	*	*
Centroid Coordinates Status em.detail.coordinateStatusHelp ?	Estimated	*	*

Environments and Scales Modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Environmental Sub-Class em.detail.emEnvironmentalSubclassHelp ?	Rivers and Streams \| Lakes and Ponds	*	*
Specific Environment Type em.detail.specificEnvTypeHelp ?	Coastal lakes and ponds and associated streams	*	*
EM Ecological Scale em.detail.ecoScaleHelp ?	Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class	*	*

Organisms modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
EM Organismal Scale em.detail.orgScaleHelp ?	Individual or population, within a species	*	*

Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified

EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Species alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)	*	*

EnviroAtlas URL

EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Waterbody area	Waterbody area	Waterbody area

EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system

* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left

CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)

EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
[Ecosystem] Regulation & Maintenance Maintenance of physical, chemical, biological conditions Lifecycle maintenance, habitat and gene pool protection Maintaining nursery populations and habitats Water conditions Chemical condition of freshwaters	*	*

National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus

(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)

EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
None	*	*

EM Variable Names (and Units)

* Note that for runs, variable name is displayed only where data for that variable differed by run AND those differences were reported in the source document. Where differences occurred but were not reported, the variable is not listed. Click on variable name to view details.

To view run information for variables, select any variable below or view run data for all variables.

Predictor

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Driving Variables (and Units) em.detail.drivingVariableHelp ?	None	*	*
Constant or Factor Variables (and Units) em.detail.constantFactorVariableHelp ?	Adult alewife excretion rate (ug P g^-1 hr^-1) Adult alewife length (mm) Adult alewife mortality rate (in-lake) (% yr^-1) Adult alewife numbers (ind.) Adult alewife phosphorus concentration (g P g fish^-1) Adult alewife time in system (days) Adult alewife wet mass (entering lake) (g) Alewife egg phosphorus concentration (g P g egg^-1) Alewife egg wet mass (g) Alewife testes phosphorus concentration (g P g testes^-1) Alewife testes spawned mass (g) Alewife young of year phosphorus concentration (g P g YOY^-1) Area (lake) (ha) Initial young of year alewife biomass density (g m^-2)	Adult alewife length (mm) Adult alewife numbers (ind.) Adult alewife wet mass (entering lake) (g)	Adult alewife length (mm) Adult alewife numbers (ind.) Adult alewife wet mass (entering lake) (g)

Intermediate

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units) em.detail.intermediateVariableHelp ?	Alewife fecundity (No. eggs mm fish length^-1) Alewife testes initial mass (g) Change in alewife testes wet mass (g) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by adult alewife mortality (g P fish^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by alewife egg and sperm (g P fish^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by direct excretion of adult alewives (g P fish^-1) YOY alewife biomass density (g m^-2)	Alewife fecundity (No. eggs mm fish length^-1) Alewife testes initial mass (g) Change in alewife testes wet mass (g) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by adult alewife mortality (g P fish^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by alewife egg and sperm (g P fish^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by direct excretion of adult alewives (g P fish^-1) YOY alewife biomass density (g m^-2)	Alewife fecundity (No. eggs mm fish length^-1) Alewife testes initial mass (g) Change in alewife testes wet mass (g) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by adult alewife mortality (g P fish^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by alewife egg and sperm (g P fish^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by direct excretion of adult alewives (g P fish^-1) YOY alewife biomass density (g m^-2)

Response

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-661	Current (early 2000's) run and fish size	Historic (1960's) run and fish size
Observed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.observedResponseHelp ?	None	*	*
Computed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.computedResponseHelp ?	Alewife net phosphorus flux (Kg P yr^-1) Phosphorus exported from lake by young of year alewives (Kg P yr^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by adult alewives (g P fish^-1)	Alewife net phosphorus flux (Kg P yr^-1) Phosphorus exported from lake by young of year alewives (Kg P yr^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by adult alewives (g P fish^-1)	Alewife net phosphorus flux (Kg P yr^-1) Phosphorus exported from lake by young of year alewives (Kg P yr^-1) Phosphorus loaded into the lake by adult alewives (g P fish^-1)

US EPA

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: Net phosphorus flux in freshwater lakes from alewives, Connecticut, USA (EM-661)