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EM-774: Diversity and distribution of floral resources influence the restoration of plant-pollinator networks on a reclaimed strip mine
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EM Identity and Description
| EM-774 | |
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Document Author
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Cusser, S. and K. Goodell |
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Document Year
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2013 |
Variable General Info
Colonizing plant species ?Comment:Since seeding, native adventives and non-native plant species common to the Midwest have also established in the plots (Appendix S1). |
Distance from remnant forest ?Comment:The patches varied in distance from a remnant hardwood forest. Our objectives were to first identify how pollinator assemblages change with distance from the remnant habitat and then to determine how these changes affect the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks. To determine how pollinator assemblages varied with distance from the remnant habitat, we analyzed changes in pollinator abundance, evenness, and species richness using linear regression. |
Plant species ?Comment:Planted and colonizing combined. |
Planted plant diversity (high/low) ?Comment:Sixteen of the plots were seeded with a low diversity of prairie plant species. The remaining 32 plots were seeded with half as much by weight of the same low richness mixture in addition to one of two higher diversity seed mixtures (applied to 16 plots each) (Appendix S1, Supporting Information). We focused our sampling effort on a subset of the 48 plots: 8 low floral richness and 16 high floral richness plots, and 8 of each seeding mixture (Fig. 1). The two high floral diversity seed mixtures were grouped for analysis because they shared similar floral richness and pollinator assemblages. |
Pollinators ?Comment:We collected all visitors to flowers within our 12 1-m2 quadrats for 10 minutes. Insects were identified as pollinators if they were observed probing floral reproductive parts. To extend the record of pollinator visitation to include flowers visited in the recent past, we analyzed the pollen load of insect specimens. |
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Variable ID
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18865 | 18869 | 18866 | 18863 | 18867 |
| Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | |
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Qualitative-Quantitative
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Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) |
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Cardinal-Ordinal
variable.detail.cardinalOrdinalHelp
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Non-Ordinal | Cardinal | Non-Ordinal | Non-Ordinal | Non-Ordinal |
| Not applicable | m | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Variable Typology
Colonizing plant species ?Comment:Since seeding, native adventives and non-native plant species common to the Midwest have also established in the plots (Appendix S1). |
Distance from remnant forest ?Comment:The patches varied in distance from a remnant hardwood forest. Our objectives were to first identify how pollinator assemblages change with distance from the remnant habitat and then to determine how these changes affect the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks. To determine how pollinator assemblages varied with distance from the remnant habitat, we analyzed changes in pollinator abundance, evenness, and species richness using linear regression. |
Plant species ?Comment:Planted and colonizing combined. |
Planted plant diversity (high/low) ?Comment:Sixteen of the plots were seeded with a low diversity of prairie plant species. The remaining 32 plots were seeded with half as much by weight of the same low richness mixture in addition to one of two higher diversity seed mixtures (applied to 16 plots each) (Appendix S1, Supporting Information). We focused our sampling effort on a subset of the 48 plots: 8 low floral richness and 16 high floral richness plots, and 8 of each seeding mixture (Fig. 1). The two high floral diversity seed mixtures were grouped for analysis because they shared similar floral richness and pollinator assemblages. |
Pollinators ?Comment:We collected all visitors to flowers within our 12 1-m2 quadrats for 10 minutes. Insects were identified as pollinators if they were observed probing floral reproductive parts. To extend the record of pollinator visitation to include flowers visited in the recent past, we analyzed the pollen load of insect specimens. |
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Predictor-Intermediate-Response
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Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
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Predictor Variable Type
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Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
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Response Variable Type
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Data Source/Type
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Local field/Lab data (e.g., particular to the EM study) | Local field/Lab data (e.g., particular to the EM study) | Local field/Lab data (e.g., particular to the EM study) | Local field/Lab data (e.g., particular to the EM study) | Local field/Lab data (e.g., particular to the EM study) |
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Variable Classification Hierarchy
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5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
N. Not classified |
4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production |
4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
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--Biological characteristics, processes or requirements of living ecosystem components |
--Activities specific to ecological enhancement or restoration |
--Activities specific to ecological enhancement or restoration |
--Biological characteristics, processes or requirements of living ecosystem components |
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----Biological characteristics, processes or requirements of flora and fungi |
----Biological characteristics, processes or requirements of fauna |
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------Herbaceous plants (grasses, forbs) |
------Pollinators (nonspecific) |
Variable Spatial Characteristics
Colonizing plant species ?Comment:Since seeding, native adventives and non-native plant species common to the Midwest have also established in the plots (Appendix S1). |
Distance from remnant forest ?Comment:The patches varied in distance from a remnant hardwood forest. Our objectives were to first identify how pollinator assemblages change with distance from the remnant habitat and then to determine how these changes affect the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks. To determine how pollinator assemblages varied with distance from the remnant habitat, we analyzed changes in pollinator abundance, evenness, and species richness using linear regression. |
Plant species ?Comment:Planted and colonizing combined. |
Planted plant diversity (high/low) ?Comment:Sixteen of the plots were seeded with a low diversity of prairie plant species. The remaining 32 plots were seeded with half as much by weight of the same low richness mixture in addition to one of two higher diversity seed mixtures (applied to 16 plots each) (Appendix S1, Supporting Information). We focused our sampling effort on a subset of the 48 plots: 8 low floral richness and 16 high floral richness plots, and 8 of each seeding mixture (Fig. 1). The two high floral diversity seed mixtures were grouped for analysis because they shared similar floral richness and pollinator assemblages. |
Pollinators ?Comment:We collected all visitors to flowers within our 12 1-m2 quadrats for 10 minutes. Insects were identified as pollinators if they were observed probing floral reproductive parts. To extend the record of pollinator visitation to include flowers visited in the recent past, we analyzed the pollen load of insect specimens. |
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Spatial Extent Area
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1-10 km^2 | 1-10 km^2 | 1-10 km^2 | 1-10 km^2 | 1-10 km^2 |
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Spatially Distributed?
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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Observations Spatially Patterned?
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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Spatial Grain Type
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area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature |
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Spatial Grain Size
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10 m radius | 10 m radius | 10 m radius | 10 m radius | 10 m radius |
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Spatial Density
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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EnviroAtlas URL
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GAP Ecological Systems |
Variable Temporal Characteristics
Colonizing plant species ?Comment:Since seeding, native adventives and non-native plant species common to the Midwest have also established in the plots (Appendix S1). |
Distance from remnant forest ?Comment:The patches varied in distance from a remnant hardwood forest. Our objectives were to first identify how pollinator assemblages change with distance from the remnant habitat and then to determine how these changes affect the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks. To determine how pollinator assemblages varied with distance from the remnant habitat, we analyzed changes in pollinator abundance, evenness, and species richness using linear regression. |
Plant species ?Comment:Planted and colonizing combined. |
Planted plant diversity (high/low) ?Comment:Sixteen of the plots were seeded with a low diversity of prairie plant species. The remaining 32 plots were seeded with half as much by weight of the same low richness mixture in addition to one of two higher diversity seed mixtures (applied to 16 plots each) (Appendix S1, Supporting Information). We focused our sampling effort on a subset of the 48 plots: 8 low floral richness and 16 high floral richness plots, and 8 of each seeding mixture (Fig. 1). The two high floral diversity seed mixtures were grouped for analysis because they shared similar floral richness and pollinator assemblages. |
Pollinators ?Comment:We collected all visitors to flowers within our 12 1-m2 quadrats for 10 minutes. Insects were identified as pollinators if they were observed probing floral reproductive parts. To extend the record of pollinator visitation to include flowers visited in the recent past, we analyzed the pollen load of insect specimens. |
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Temporal Extent
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2009-2010 | 2009-2010 | 2009-2010 | 2009 | 2010 |
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Temporally Distributed?
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Regular Temporal Grain?
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Temporal Grain Size Units
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Temporal Density
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Variable Values
Colonizing plant species ?Comment:Since seeding, native adventives and non-native plant species common to the Midwest have also established in the plots (Appendix S1). |
Distance from remnant forest ?Comment:The patches varied in distance from a remnant hardwood forest. Our objectives were to first identify how pollinator assemblages change with distance from the remnant habitat and then to determine how these changes affect the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks. To determine how pollinator assemblages varied with distance from the remnant habitat, we analyzed changes in pollinator abundance, evenness, and species richness using linear regression. |
Plant species ?Comment:Planted and colonizing combined. |
Planted plant diversity (high/low) ?Comment:Sixteen of the plots were seeded with a low diversity of prairie plant species. The remaining 32 plots were seeded with half as much by weight of the same low richness mixture in addition to one of two higher diversity seed mixtures (applied to 16 plots each) (Appendix S1, Supporting Information). We focused our sampling effort on a subset of the 48 plots: 8 low floral richness and 16 high floral richness plots, and 8 of each seeding mixture (Fig. 1). The two high floral diversity seed mixtures were grouped for analysis because they shared similar floral richness and pollinator assemblages. |
Pollinators ?Comment:We collected all visitors to flowers within our 12 1-m2 quadrats for 10 minutes. Insects were identified as pollinators if they were observed probing floral reproductive parts. To extend the record of pollinator visitation to include flowers visited in the recent past, we analyzed the pollen load of insect specimens. |
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| Not applicable | m | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
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Min Value
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Not applicable | 20 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Max Value
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Not applicable | 625 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Other Value Type
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Other Value
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Not applicable | Not reported | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Variable Variability and Sensitivity
Colonizing plant species ?Comment:Since seeding, native adventives and non-native plant species common to the Midwest have also established in the plots (Appendix S1). |
Distance from remnant forest ?Comment:The patches varied in distance from a remnant hardwood forest. Our objectives were to first identify how pollinator assemblages change with distance from the remnant habitat and then to determine how these changes affect the structure and stability of plant–pollinator networks. To determine how pollinator assemblages varied with distance from the remnant habitat, we analyzed changes in pollinator abundance, evenness, and species richness using linear regression. |
Plant species ?Comment:Planted and colonizing combined. |
Planted plant diversity (high/low) ?Comment:Sixteen of the plots were seeded with a low diversity of prairie plant species. The remaining 32 plots were seeded with half as much by weight of the same low richness mixture in addition to one of two higher diversity seed mixtures (applied to 16 plots each) (Appendix S1, Supporting Information). We focused our sampling effort on a subset of the 48 plots: 8 low floral richness and 16 high floral richness plots, and 8 of each seeding mixture (Fig. 1). The two high floral diversity seed mixtures were grouped for analysis because they shared similar floral richness and pollinator assemblages. |
Pollinators ?Comment:We collected all visitors to flowers within our 12 1-m2 quadrats for 10 minutes. Insects were identified as pollinators if they were observed probing floral reproductive parts. To extend the record of pollinator visitation to include flowers visited in the recent past, we analyzed the pollen load of insect specimens. |
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Variability Expression Given?
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Not applicable | No | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Variability Metric
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None | None | None | None | None |
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Variability Value
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None | None | None | None | None |
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Variability Units
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None | None | None | None | None |
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Resampling Used?
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
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Variability Expression Used in Modeling?
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Variable Operational Validation (Response Variables only)
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Variable ID
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Validated?
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Validation Approach (within, between, etc.)
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Validation Quality (Qual/Quant)
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Validation Method (Stat/Deviance)
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Validation Metric
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Validation Value
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Validation Units
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Use of Measured Response Data
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