EcoService Models Library (ESML)
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Variables Details
: (EM-876)
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EM-876 | |
Document Author
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Brown, S. C., J. Lombard, K. Wang, M. M. Byrne, M. Toro, E. Plater-Zyberk, D. J. Feaster, J. Kardys, M. I. Nardi, G. Perez-Gomez, H. M. Pantin, and J. Szapocznik |
Document Year
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2016 |
Age (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. The study also provides data by income quartile. |
Diabetes (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Gender (living Medicare beneficiaries) |
Hyperlipidemia (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Hypertension (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence measured by Normalized Difference Vegetatation Index (NDVI)) ?Comment:The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite imagery at a 15 x 15-meter spatial resolution was used to calculate greenness or vegetative presence by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with continuous measurements that ranged from to -1, with higher values indicating more greenness. |
Obesity-related conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of12obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review. |
Race/ethnicity (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. Classes specified: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic white, and Black. |
Total chronic conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Master Beneficiary Summary File, which provided for each beneficiary, annual data on health outcomes, age, gender, race/ ethnicity,34 and location, for the calendar years 2010–2011. The CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File Chronic Conditions Segment provides indications of 27 chronic conditions, using CMS’ chronic conditions algorithms, based on Medicare claims of all types for each beneficiary in a calendar year. |
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Variable ID
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20742 | 20774 | 20778 | 20776 | 20775 | 20740 | 20773 | 20744 | 20766 |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | |
Qualitative-Quantitative
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Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) |
Cardinal-Ordinal
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Cardinal | Cardinal | Non-Ordinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Non-Ordinal | Cardinal |
years | % | Not applicable | % | % | unitless (1 to -1) | No. ind.^-1 yr^-1 | Not applicable | No. ind.^-1 yr^-1 |
Age (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. The study also provides data by income quartile. |
Diabetes (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Gender (living Medicare beneficiaries) |
Hyperlipidemia (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Hypertension (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence measured by Normalized Difference Vegetatation Index (NDVI)) ?Comment:The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite imagery at a 15 x 15-meter spatial resolution was used to calculate greenness or vegetative presence by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with continuous measurements that ranged from to -1, with higher values indicating more greenness. |
Obesity-related conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of12obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review. |
Race/ethnicity (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. Classes specified: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic white, and Black. |
Total chronic conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Master Beneficiary Summary File, which provided for each beneficiary, annual data on health outcomes, age, gender, race/ ethnicity,34 and location, for the calendar years 2010–2011. The CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File Chronic Conditions Segment provides indications of 27 chronic conditions, using CMS’ chronic conditions algorithms, based on Medicare claims of all types for each beneficiary in a calendar year. |
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Predictor-Intermediate-Response
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Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor Variable Type
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Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Response Variable Type
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Data Source/Type
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Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Obtained by Best Professional Judgment | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) | Map or database (e.g., wide coverage, wide availability, measured or modeled) |
Variable Classification Hierarchy
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3. Human Demographic Data |
3. Human Demographic Data |
3. Human Demographic Data |
3. Human Demographic Data |
3. Human Demographic Data |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
3. Human Demographic Data |
3. Human Demographic Data |
3. Human Demographic Data |
--Age |
--Health |
--Gender |
--Health |
--Health |
--Biological characteristics, processes or requirements of living ecosystem components |
--Health |
--Race, ethnicity, or nationality |
--Health |
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----Biological characteristics, processes or requirements of flora and fungi |
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------Cover characteristics (canopy cover, herbaceous cover or leaf area) |
Age (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. The study also provides data by income quartile. |
Diabetes (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Gender (living Medicare beneficiaries) |
Hyperlipidemia (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Hypertension (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence measured by Normalized Difference Vegetatation Index (NDVI)) ?Comment:The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite imagery at a 15 x 15-meter spatial resolution was used to calculate greenness or vegetative presence by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with continuous measurements that ranged from to -1, with higher values indicating more greenness. |
Obesity-related conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of12obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review. |
Race/ethnicity (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. Classes specified: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic white, and Black. |
Total chronic conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Master Beneficiary Summary File, which provided for each beneficiary, annual data on health outcomes, age, gender, race/ ethnicity,34 and location, for the calendar years 2010–2011. The CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File Chronic Conditions Segment provides indications of 27 chronic conditions, using CMS’ chronic conditions algorithms, based on Medicare claims of all types for each beneficiary in a calendar year. |
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Spatial Extent Area
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1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. | 1000-10,000 km^2. |
Spatially Distributed?
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations Spatially Patterned?
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Spatial Grain Type
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other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | Area, for pixel or radial feature | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
Spatial Grain Size
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Individual | Individual | Individual | Individual | Individual | 15m x 15m | Individual | Individual | Individual |
Spatial Density
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
EnviroAtlas URL
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Percent Population under 13 Years Old | Percent Population other than White, Non-Hispanic |
Age (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. The study also provides data by income quartile. |
Diabetes (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Gender (living Medicare beneficiaries) |
Hyperlipidemia (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Hypertension (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence measured by Normalized Difference Vegetatation Index (NDVI)) ?Comment:The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite imagery at a 15 x 15-meter spatial resolution was used to calculate greenness or vegetative presence by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with continuous measurements that ranged from to -1, with higher values indicating more greenness. |
Obesity-related conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of12obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review. |
Race/ethnicity (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. Classes specified: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic white, and Black. |
Total chronic conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Master Beneficiary Summary File, which provided for each beneficiary, annual data on health outcomes, age, gender, race/ ethnicity,34 and location, for the calendar years 2010–2011. The CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File Chronic Conditions Segment provides indications of 27 chronic conditions, using CMS’ chronic conditions algorithms, based on Medicare claims of all types for each beneficiary in a calendar year. |
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Temporal Extent
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2010-2011 | 2011 | 2010-2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2010-2011 | 2011 |
Temporally Distributed?
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Regular Temporal Grain?
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Temporal Grain Size Units
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Temporal Density
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Age (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. The study also provides data by income quartile. |
Diabetes (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Gender (living Medicare beneficiaries) |
Hyperlipidemia (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Hypertension (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence measured by Normalized Difference Vegetatation Index (NDVI)) ?Comment:The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite imagery at a 15 x 15-meter spatial resolution was used to calculate greenness or vegetative presence by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with continuous measurements that ranged from to -1, with higher values indicating more greenness. |
Obesity-related conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of12obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review. |
Race/ethnicity (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. Classes specified: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic white, and Black. |
Total chronic conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Master Beneficiary Summary File, which provided for each beneficiary, annual data on health outcomes, age, gender, race/ ethnicity,34 and location, for the calendar years 2010–2011. The CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File Chronic Conditions Segment provides indications of 27 chronic conditions, using CMS’ chronic conditions algorithms, based on Medicare claims of all types for each beneficiary in a calendar year. |
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years | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not reported | No. ind.^-1 yr^-1 | Not applicable | No. ind.^-1 yr^-1 | |
Min Value
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65 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not reported | 0 | Not applicable | 0 |
Max Value
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111 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not reported | 10 | Not applicable | 19 |
Other Value Type
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Median | Single Observation or Parameter Value | Not applicable | Single Observation or Parameter Value | Single Observation or Parameter Value | Not applicable | Mean | Not applicable | Mean |
Other Value
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76.33 | 15.55 | Not applicable | 22.72 | 27.88 | Not reported | 1.06 | Not applicable | 2.05 |
Age (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. The study also provides data by income quartile. |
Diabetes (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Gender (living Medicare beneficiaries) |
Hyperlipidemia (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Hypertension (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of 12 obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review and identified three leading cardiometabolic risk factors hypothesized to be related to the built environment, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, for separate individual analyses. Diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were identified for each Medicare beneficiary for the calendar year 2011, using the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Master Beneficiary Summary File, Chronic Conditions Segment. |
Neighborhood greenness (vegetative presence measured by Normalized Difference Vegetatation Index (NDVI)) ?Comment:The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite imagery at a 15 x 15-meter spatial resolution was used to calculate greenness or vegetative presence by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), with continuous measurements that ranged from to -1, with higher values indicating more greenness. |
Obesity-related conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Further analyses focused on a possible range of12obesity-related chronic conditions found in a systematic literature review. |
Race/ethnicity (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’Master Beneficiary Summary File for the calendar years 2010–2011. Classes specified: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic white, and Black. |
Total chronic conditions (living Medicare beneficiaries) ?Comment:Data were obtained for this retrospective cohort study in 2013 from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)’ Master Beneficiary Summary File, which provided for each beneficiary, annual data on health outcomes, age, gender, race/ ethnicity,34 and location, for the calendar years 2010–2011. The CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File Chronic Conditions Segment provides indications of 27 chronic conditions, using CMS’ chronic conditions algorithms, based on Medicare claims of all types for each beneficiary in a calendar year. |
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Variability Expression Given?
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Yes | No | Not applicable | No | No | No | Yes | Not applicable | Yes | |||
Variability Metric
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None | None | None | None | None |
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None |
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Variability Value
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None | None | None | None | None |
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None |
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Variability Units
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None | None | None | None | None |
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None |
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Resampling Used?
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No | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | No | Not applicable | No | |||
Variability Expression Used in Modeling?
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Yes | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Yes | Not applicable | Yes |
Variable ID
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Validated?
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Validation Approach (within, between, etc.)
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Validation Quality (Qual/Quant)
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Validation Method (Stat/Deviance)
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Validation Metric
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Validation Value
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Validation Units
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Use of Measured Response Data
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