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Variables Details
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EM-884 | |
Document Author
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McKane, R. B., A. Brookes, K. Djang, M. Stieglitz, A. G. Abdelnour, F. Pan, J. J. Halama, P. B. Pettus and D. L. Phillips |
Document Year
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2014 |
DOC (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
DON (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Elevation ?Comment:A spatial data file (.asc) containing elevation values (in meters) for every cell in the simulation area. The term “Flat-Processed” indicates that the contents of the file have been pre-processed by the JPDEM flat-processing utility. The DEM file is the “master” film for a simulation run: all other spatially-explicit data is assumed to have the same row, column, cell size and x, y offset values as the DEM file. Used to develop slope and aspect values. |
Land cover ?Comment:Class variable. Model can include multiple land cover types within watersheds. |
Land cover age ?Comment:To enable scheduling of disturbance events during a simulation, VELMA needs to keeps track of changes in the age (years) of vegetation from one calendar year to another. |
NH4 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
NO3 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Precipitation ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Soil type ?Comment:VELMA requires information on key soil properties affecting hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a study watershed. Whether single or multiple soil types are modeled within a watershed, you will need to establish a soil type map and specify parameter values for a set of soil properties associated with each soil type. |
Temperature (air) ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Air density |
Bulk density ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Bulk density: the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil (g/cm3). |
DOC loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DOC loss. |
DON loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DON loss. |
Evapotranspiration calibration coefficient ?Comment:Evapotranspiration coefficient used in the logistic equation that computes ET from PET. |
Field capacity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil field capacity: the amount of soil moisture (v/v) held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. |
Fraction of potential evapotranspiration available outside of the land cover's growing season ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. The fraction of PET available outside of this a cover species/type’s growing season range [0.0 - 1.0]. |
Initial uniform soil moisture ?Comment:Because soil moisture can vary significantly in space and time, it would be extremely difficult to specify realistic soil moisture amounts for every soil layer in every cell within a watershed. A more practical method is to specify a uniform amount of initial soil moisture for all layers and cells, and then allow these initial values to adjust to realistic levels during a “spin up” period of years prior to the simulated years of interest. By default, VELMA set the initial water content of all cells and layers to the field capacity value specified for each soil type. , i.e., when the parameter initialUniformSoilMoisture is set to its default value of -1 (if it is set to any other value, reset it to -1). |
Lateral decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Lateral Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the exponential rate of decrease in lateral flow with depth. |
NH4 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NH4 loss. |
NO3 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NO3 loss. |
Porosity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil porosity: the fraction of void space (v/v) in a soil. |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 1 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. First term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 2 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. Second term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration temperature off (air) ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land coiver. Potential evapotranspiration is only active when air temperature is > than this value (in degrees C). |
Rain on snow effect ?Comment:Used in conjunction with the snowMeltRate to determine the amount of snow that melts into surface water. |
Snow formation temperature (air) ?Comment:The air temperature (in degrees C) below which the day’s precipitation is counted as snow. At and above this temperature, it is counted as rain. |
Snow melt rate ?Comment:The rate at which melting snow becomes surface water. |
Snow melt temperature (air) ?Comment:The temperature above which any available snow begins to melt. |
Soil layer (layer 1,2,3,4) thickness ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. There are two methods, direct or indirect, that can be used to specify soil layer depths. The direct and indirect methods have their own distinct set of parameters that are available to each soil type specified for a given simulation configuration. Each method has its advantages. Thus, it is up to the user to decide which one to use. Either the direct or indirect set of parameters can be applied to a specified soil type, independent of which set is applied in other specified soil types. |
Soil surface saturated hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates vertical and lateral water drainage using a logistic function that is intended to capture the breakthrough characteristics of soil water movement. The logistic function provides a simple way (3 parameters) to capture the fast “switching” from low to high flow as water storage within a soil layer approaches field capacity. VELMA offers two alternative methods, direct or indirect, for specifying these parameters. However, because the direct method is still under development, we recommend that users use the indirect method. We refer to this method as an “indirect" because VELMA internally uses the specified soil Ks parameter values to calculate the actual soil lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values used during the simulation run. |
Vertical decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Vertical Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the rate of decrease in vertical flow with depth. |
Wilt point ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Wilt Point: the minimal point of soil moisture (v/v) the plant requires not to wilt. |
DOC loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
DON loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NH4 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NO3 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff |
Total runoff ?Comment:Combined surface and subsurface runoff. |
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Variable ID
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21601 | 21600 | 21547 | 21522 | 21556 | 21598 | 21599 | 21597 | 21548 | 21584 | 21517 | 21513 | 21605 | 21604 | 21516 | 21510 | 21520 | 21534 | 21514 | 21602 | 21603 | 21511 | 21519 | 21518 | 21515 | 21546 | 21585 | 21587 | 21586 | 21549 | 21508 | 21509 | 21512 | 21611 | 21610 | 21608 | 21609 | 21606 | 21588 | 21607 |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | roair | Not reported | qf_DOC | qf_DON | be | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | qf_NH4 | qf_NO3 | Not reported | petParam1 | petParam2 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | surfaceKs | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | |
Qualitative-Quantitative
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Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Qualitative (Class, Rating or Ranking) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) | Quantitative (Cardinal Only) |
Cardinal-Ordinal
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Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Non-Ordinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Non-Ordinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal | Cardinal |
g C m^-2 | g N day^-1 | m | Not applicable | years | g N m^-2 | g N m^-2 | mm day^-1 | Not applicable | °C | g m^-3 | g cm^-3 | unitless (0-1) | unitless (0-1) | unitless | V V^-1 | % | unitless | unitless | unitless (0-1) | unitless (0-1) | V V^-1 | unitless | unitless | °C | unitless | °C | mm day^-1 | °C | mm | mm day^-1 | unitless | V V^-1 | mg C m^-2 day^-1 | mg N m^-2 day^-1 | mg N m^-2 day^-1 | mg N m^-2 day^-1 | mm day^-1 | mm day^-1 | mm day^-1 |
DOC (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
DON (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Elevation ?Comment:A spatial data file (.asc) containing elevation values (in meters) for every cell in the simulation area. The term “Flat-Processed” indicates that the contents of the file have been pre-processed by the JPDEM flat-processing utility. The DEM file is the “master” film for a simulation run: all other spatially-explicit data is assumed to have the same row, column, cell size and x, y offset values as the DEM file. Used to develop slope and aspect values. |
Land cover ?Comment:Class variable. Model can include multiple land cover types within watersheds. |
Land cover age ?Comment:To enable scheduling of disturbance events during a simulation, VELMA needs to keeps track of changes in the age (years) of vegetation from one calendar year to another. |
NH4 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
NO3 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Precipitation ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Soil type ?Comment:VELMA requires information on key soil properties affecting hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a study watershed. Whether single or multiple soil types are modeled within a watershed, you will need to establish a soil type map and specify parameter values for a set of soil properties associated with each soil type. |
Temperature (air) ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Air density |
Bulk density ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Bulk density: the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil (g/cm3). |
DOC loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DOC loss. |
DON loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DON loss. |
Evapotranspiration calibration coefficient ?Comment:Evapotranspiration coefficient used in the logistic equation that computes ET from PET. |
Field capacity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil field capacity: the amount of soil moisture (v/v) held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. |
Fraction of potential evapotranspiration available outside of the land cover's growing season ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. The fraction of PET available outside of this a cover species/type’s growing season range [0.0 - 1.0]. |
Initial uniform soil moisture ?Comment:Because soil moisture can vary significantly in space and time, it would be extremely difficult to specify realistic soil moisture amounts for every soil layer in every cell within a watershed. A more practical method is to specify a uniform amount of initial soil moisture for all layers and cells, and then allow these initial values to adjust to realistic levels during a “spin up” period of years prior to the simulated years of interest. By default, VELMA set the initial water content of all cells and layers to the field capacity value specified for each soil type. , i.e., when the parameter initialUniformSoilMoisture is set to its default value of -1 (if it is set to any other value, reset it to -1). |
Lateral decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Lateral Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the exponential rate of decrease in lateral flow with depth. |
NH4 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NH4 loss. |
NO3 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NO3 loss. |
Porosity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil porosity: the fraction of void space (v/v) in a soil. |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 1 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. First term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 2 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. Second term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration temperature off (air) ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land coiver. Potential evapotranspiration is only active when air temperature is > than this value (in degrees C). |
Rain on snow effect ?Comment:Used in conjunction with the snowMeltRate to determine the amount of snow that melts into surface water. |
Snow formation temperature (air) ?Comment:The air temperature (in degrees C) below which the day’s precipitation is counted as snow. At and above this temperature, it is counted as rain. |
Snow melt rate ?Comment:The rate at which melting snow becomes surface water. |
Snow melt temperature (air) ?Comment:The temperature above which any available snow begins to melt. |
Soil layer (layer 1,2,3,4) thickness ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. There are two methods, direct or indirect, that can be used to specify soil layer depths. The direct and indirect methods have their own distinct set of parameters that are available to each soil type specified for a given simulation configuration. Each method has its advantages. Thus, it is up to the user to decide which one to use. Either the direct or indirect set of parameters can be applied to a specified soil type, independent of which set is applied in other specified soil types. |
Soil surface saturated hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates vertical and lateral water drainage using a logistic function that is intended to capture the breakthrough characteristics of soil water movement. The logistic function provides a simple way (3 parameters) to capture the fast “switching” from low to high flow as water storage within a soil layer approaches field capacity. VELMA offers two alternative methods, direct or indirect, for specifying these parameters. However, because the direct method is still under development, we recommend that users use the indirect method. We refer to this method as an “indirect" because VELMA internally uses the specified soil Ks parameter values to calculate the actual soil lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values used during the simulation run. |
Vertical decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Vertical Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the rate of decrease in vertical flow with depth. |
Wilt point ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Wilt Point: the minimal point of soil moisture (v/v) the plant requires not to wilt. |
DOC loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
DON loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NH4 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NO3 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff |
Total runoff ?Comment:Combined surface and subsurface runoff. |
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Predictor-Intermediate-Response
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Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Predictor |
Response |
Response |
Response |
Response |
Response |
Response |
Response |
Predictor Variable Type
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Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Time- or Space-varying Variable |
Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Constant or Parameter | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Response Variable Type
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Computed Variable |
Computed Variable |
Computed Variable |
Computed Variable |
Computed Variable |
Computed Variable |
Computed Variable |
Data Source/Type
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Derived as output of another model (and not found in a widely available database) ?Comment:Output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Derived as output of another model (and not found in a widely available database) ?Comment:Output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Derived as output of another model (and not found in a widely available database) ?Comment:Output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Derived as output of another model (and not found in a widely available database) ?Comment:Output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Derived/adjusted by calibration | Derived/adjusted by calibration | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Derived/adjusted by calibration | Derived/adjusted by calibration | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Variable Classification Hierarchy
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5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
2. Land Surface (or Water Body) Cover, Use, Substrate, or Metric |
2. Land Surface (or Water Body) Cover, Use, Substrate, or Metric |
2. Land Surface (or Water Body) Cover, Use, Substrate, or Metric |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
2. Land Surface (or Water Body) Cover, Use, Substrate, or Metric |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
5. Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Geographic position, horizontal or vertical |
--Land use/land cover type or dominant habitat type |
--Land use/land cover type or dominant habitat type |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Dominant soil or substrate type |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Chemical (C, N, P, sediment/particulate) characteristics of ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
--Physical/chemical characteristics of nonliving ecosystem components |
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----Carbon-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Elevation, altitude, bathymetry |
----Other, multiple, unspecified or unclear |
----Other, multiple, unspecified or unclear |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Carbon-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of water |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of water |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of water |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of water |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of air, meteorology and precipitation |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Carbon-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Nitrogen-related characteristics of ecosystem components |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of soils, substrates, rocks |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of water |
----Physical/chemical characteristics of water |
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------Carbon presence (in terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components) |
------Nitrogen presence (in terrestrial ecosystem components) |
------Reactive nitrogen accumulation or attenuation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Reactive nitrogen accumulation or attenuation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Soil structural characteristics |
------Carbon accumulation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Nitrogen presence (in terrestrial ecosystem components) |
------Evapotranspiration (via soil and/or vegetation) |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Evapotranspiration (via soil and/or vegetation) |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Reactive nitrogen accumulation or attenuation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Reactive nitrogen accumulation or attenuation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Soil structural characteristics |
------Evapotranspiration (via soil and/or vegetation) |
------Evapotranspiration (via soil and/or vegetation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Meteorology data and parameters (including precipitation) |
------Soil layer thickness |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Carbon accumulation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Nitrogen presence (in terrestrial ecosystem components) |
------Reactive nitrogen accumulation or attenuation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Reactive nitrogen accumulation or attenuation by terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem components |
------Soil hydrologic characteristics |
------Water volume or flow over ground surface (i.e., runoff) |
------Other, multiple, unspecified or unclear |
DOC (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
DON (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Elevation ?Comment:A spatial data file (.asc) containing elevation values (in meters) for every cell in the simulation area. The term “Flat-Processed” indicates that the contents of the file have been pre-processed by the JPDEM flat-processing utility. The DEM file is the “master” film for a simulation run: all other spatially-explicit data is assumed to have the same row, column, cell size and x, y offset values as the DEM file. Used to develop slope and aspect values. |
Land cover ?Comment:Class variable. Model can include multiple land cover types within watersheds. |
Land cover age ?Comment:To enable scheduling of disturbance events during a simulation, VELMA needs to keeps track of changes in the age (years) of vegetation from one calendar year to another. |
NH4 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
NO3 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Precipitation ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Soil type ?Comment:VELMA requires information on key soil properties affecting hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a study watershed. Whether single or multiple soil types are modeled within a watershed, you will need to establish a soil type map and specify parameter values for a set of soil properties associated with each soil type. |
Temperature (air) ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Air density |
Bulk density ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Bulk density: the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil (g/cm3). |
DOC loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DOC loss. |
DON loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DON loss. |
Evapotranspiration calibration coefficient ?Comment:Evapotranspiration coefficient used in the logistic equation that computes ET from PET. |
Field capacity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil field capacity: the amount of soil moisture (v/v) held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. |
Fraction of potential evapotranspiration available outside of the land cover's growing season ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. The fraction of PET available outside of this a cover species/type’s growing season range [0.0 - 1.0]. |
Initial uniform soil moisture ?Comment:Because soil moisture can vary significantly in space and time, it would be extremely difficult to specify realistic soil moisture amounts for every soil layer in every cell within a watershed. A more practical method is to specify a uniform amount of initial soil moisture for all layers and cells, and then allow these initial values to adjust to realistic levels during a “spin up” period of years prior to the simulated years of interest. By default, VELMA set the initial water content of all cells and layers to the field capacity value specified for each soil type. , i.e., when the parameter initialUniformSoilMoisture is set to its default value of -1 (if it is set to any other value, reset it to -1). |
Lateral decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Lateral Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the exponential rate of decrease in lateral flow with depth. |
NH4 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NH4 loss. |
NO3 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NO3 loss. |
Porosity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil porosity: the fraction of void space (v/v) in a soil. |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 1 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. First term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 2 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. Second term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration temperature off (air) ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land coiver. Potential evapotranspiration is only active when air temperature is > than this value (in degrees C). |
Rain on snow effect ?Comment:Used in conjunction with the snowMeltRate to determine the amount of snow that melts into surface water. |
Snow formation temperature (air) ?Comment:The air temperature (in degrees C) below which the day’s precipitation is counted as snow. At and above this temperature, it is counted as rain. |
Snow melt rate ?Comment:The rate at which melting snow becomes surface water. |
Snow melt temperature (air) ?Comment:The temperature above which any available snow begins to melt. |
Soil layer (layer 1,2,3,4) thickness ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. There are two methods, direct or indirect, that can be used to specify soil layer depths. The direct and indirect methods have their own distinct set of parameters that are available to each soil type specified for a given simulation configuration. Each method has its advantages. Thus, it is up to the user to decide which one to use. Either the direct or indirect set of parameters can be applied to a specified soil type, independent of which set is applied in other specified soil types. |
Soil surface saturated hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates vertical and lateral water drainage using a logistic function that is intended to capture the breakthrough characteristics of soil water movement. The logistic function provides a simple way (3 parameters) to capture the fast “switching” from low to high flow as water storage within a soil layer approaches field capacity. VELMA offers two alternative methods, direct or indirect, for specifying these parameters. However, because the direct method is still under development, we recommend that users use the indirect method. We refer to this method as an “indirect" because VELMA internally uses the specified soil Ks parameter values to calculate the actual soil lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values used during the simulation run. |
Vertical decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Vertical Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the rate of decrease in vertical flow with depth. |
Wilt point ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Wilt Point: the minimal point of soil moisture (v/v) the plant requires not to wilt. |
DOC loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
DON loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NH4 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NO3 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff |
Total runoff ?Comment:Combined surface and subsurface runoff. |
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Spatial Extent Area
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Spatially Distributed?
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Observations Spatially Patterned?
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Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Yes | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Spatial Grain Type
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area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | Not applicable | area, for pixel or radial feature | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Paarameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Spatial Grain Size
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user defined | user defined | user defined | user defined | user defined | user defined | user defined | Not applicable | user defined | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Spatial Density
variable.detail.spDensityHelp
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
EnviroAtlas URL
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Total Annual Reduced Nitrogen Deposition | Total Annual Reduced Nitrogen Deposition | Average Annual Precipitation | Average Annual Precipitation | Average Annual Precipitation | Carbon Storage by Tree Biomass | Total Annual Reduced Nitrogen Deposition | Total Annual Reduced Nitrogen Deposition | Average Annual Precipitation | Average Annual Precipitation | Average Annual Precipitation | Average Annual Precipitation | Average Annual Precipitation |
DOC (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
DON (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Elevation ?Comment:A spatial data file (.asc) containing elevation values (in meters) for every cell in the simulation area. The term “Flat-Processed” indicates that the contents of the file have been pre-processed by the JPDEM flat-processing utility. The DEM file is the “master” film for a simulation run: all other spatially-explicit data is assumed to have the same row, column, cell size and x, y offset values as the DEM file. Used to develop slope and aspect values. |
Land cover ?Comment:Class variable. Model can include multiple land cover types within watersheds. |
Land cover age ?Comment:To enable scheduling of disturbance events during a simulation, VELMA needs to keeps track of changes in the age (years) of vegetation from one calendar year to another. |
NH4 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
NO3 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Precipitation ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Soil type ?Comment:VELMA requires information on key soil properties affecting hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a study watershed. Whether single or multiple soil types are modeled within a watershed, you will need to establish a soil type map and specify parameter values for a set of soil properties associated with each soil type. |
Temperature (air) ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Air density |
Bulk density ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Bulk density: the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil (g/cm3). |
DOC loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DOC loss. |
DON loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DON loss. |
Evapotranspiration calibration coefficient ?Comment:Evapotranspiration coefficient used in the logistic equation that computes ET from PET. |
Field capacity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil field capacity: the amount of soil moisture (v/v) held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. |
Fraction of potential evapotranspiration available outside of the land cover's growing season ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. The fraction of PET available outside of this a cover species/type’s growing season range [0.0 - 1.0]. |
Initial uniform soil moisture ?Comment:Because soil moisture can vary significantly in space and time, it would be extremely difficult to specify realistic soil moisture amounts for every soil layer in every cell within a watershed. A more practical method is to specify a uniform amount of initial soil moisture for all layers and cells, and then allow these initial values to adjust to realistic levels during a “spin up” period of years prior to the simulated years of interest. By default, VELMA set the initial water content of all cells and layers to the field capacity value specified for each soil type. , i.e., when the parameter initialUniformSoilMoisture is set to its default value of -1 (if it is set to any other value, reset it to -1). |
Lateral decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Lateral Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the exponential rate of decrease in lateral flow with depth. |
NH4 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NH4 loss. |
NO3 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NO3 loss. |
Porosity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil porosity: the fraction of void space (v/v) in a soil. |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 1 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. First term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 2 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. Second term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration temperature off (air) ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land coiver. Potential evapotranspiration is only active when air temperature is > than this value (in degrees C). |
Rain on snow effect ?Comment:Used in conjunction with the snowMeltRate to determine the amount of snow that melts into surface water. |
Snow formation temperature (air) ?Comment:The air temperature (in degrees C) below which the day’s precipitation is counted as snow. At and above this temperature, it is counted as rain. |
Snow melt rate ?Comment:The rate at which melting snow becomes surface water. |
Snow melt temperature (air) ?Comment:The temperature above which any available snow begins to melt. |
Soil layer (layer 1,2,3,4) thickness ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. There are two methods, direct or indirect, that can be used to specify soil layer depths. The direct and indirect methods have their own distinct set of parameters that are available to each soil type specified for a given simulation configuration. Each method has its advantages. Thus, it is up to the user to decide which one to use. Either the direct or indirect set of parameters can be applied to a specified soil type, independent of which set is applied in other specified soil types. |
Soil surface saturated hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates vertical and lateral water drainage using a logistic function that is intended to capture the breakthrough characteristics of soil water movement. The logistic function provides a simple way (3 parameters) to capture the fast “switching” from low to high flow as water storage within a soil layer approaches field capacity. VELMA offers two alternative methods, direct or indirect, for specifying these parameters. However, because the direct method is still under development, we recommend that users use the indirect method. We refer to this method as an “indirect" because VELMA internally uses the specified soil Ks parameter values to calculate the actual soil lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values used during the simulation run. |
Vertical decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Vertical Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the rate of decrease in vertical flow with depth. |
Wilt point ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Wilt Point: the minimal point of soil moisture (v/v) the plant requires not to wilt. |
DOC loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
DON loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NH4 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NO3 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff |
Total runoff ?Comment:Combined surface and subsurface runoff. |
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Temporal Extent
variable.detail.tempExtentHelp
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Temporally Distributed?
variable.detail.tempDistributedHelp
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Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Regular Temporal Grain?
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Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Yes | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Temporal Grain Size Value
variable.detail.tempGrainSizeValHelp
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1 | 1 | Not applicable | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Not applicable | 1 | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Temporal Grain Size Units
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Day | Day | Not applicable | Day | year | Day | Day | Day | Not applicable | Day | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Day | Day | Day | Day | Day | Day | Day |
Temporal Density
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Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not recorded for Constant or Parameter Variables | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
DOC (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
DON (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Elevation ?Comment:A spatial data file (.asc) containing elevation values (in meters) for every cell in the simulation area. The term “Flat-Processed” indicates that the contents of the file have been pre-processed by the JPDEM flat-processing utility. The DEM file is the “master” film for a simulation run: all other spatially-explicit data is assumed to have the same row, column, cell size and x, y offset values as the DEM file. Used to develop slope and aspect values. |
Land cover ?Comment:Class variable. Model can include multiple land cover types within watersheds. |
Land cover age ?Comment:To enable scheduling of disturbance events during a simulation, VELMA needs to keeps track of changes in the age (years) of vegetation from one calendar year to another. |
NH4 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
NO3 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Precipitation ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Soil type ?Comment:VELMA requires information on key soil properties affecting hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a study watershed. Whether single or multiple soil types are modeled within a watershed, you will need to establish a soil type map and specify parameter values for a set of soil properties associated with each soil type. |
Temperature (air) ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Air density |
Bulk density ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Bulk density: the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil (g/cm3). |
DOC loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DOC loss. |
DON loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DON loss. |
Evapotranspiration calibration coefficient ?Comment:Evapotranspiration coefficient used in the logistic equation that computes ET from PET. |
Field capacity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil field capacity: the amount of soil moisture (v/v) held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. |
Fraction of potential evapotranspiration available outside of the land cover's growing season ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. The fraction of PET available outside of this a cover species/type’s growing season range [0.0 - 1.0]. |
Initial uniform soil moisture ?Comment:Because soil moisture can vary significantly in space and time, it would be extremely difficult to specify realistic soil moisture amounts for every soil layer in every cell within a watershed. A more practical method is to specify a uniform amount of initial soil moisture for all layers and cells, and then allow these initial values to adjust to realistic levels during a “spin up” period of years prior to the simulated years of interest. By default, VELMA set the initial water content of all cells and layers to the field capacity value specified for each soil type. , i.e., when the parameter initialUniformSoilMoisture is set to its default value of -1 (if it is set to any other value, reset it to -1). |
Lateral decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Lateral Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the exponential rate of decrease in lateral flow with depth. |
NH4 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NH4 loss. |
NO3 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NO3 loss. |
Porosity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil porosity: the fraction of void space (v/v) in a soil. |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 1 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. First term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 2 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. Second term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration temperature off (air) ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land coiver. Potential evapotranspiration is only active when air temperature is > than this value (in degrees C). |
Rain on snow effect ?Comment:Used in conjunction with the snowMeltRate to determine the amount of snow that melts into surface water. |
Snow formation temperature (air) ?Comment:The air temperature (in degrees C) below which the day’s precipitation is counted as snow. At and above this temperature, it is counted as rain. |
Snow melt rate ?Comment:The rate at which melting snow becomes surface water. |
Snow melt temperature (air) ?Comment:The temperature above which any available snow begins to melt. |
Soil layer (layer 1,2,3,4) thickness ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. There are two methods, direct or indirect, that can be used to specify soil layer depths. The direct and indirect methods have their own distinct set of parameters that are available to each soil type specified for a given simulation configuration. Each method has its advantages. Thus, it is up to the user to decide which one to use. Either the direct or indirect set of parameters can be applied to a specified soil type, independent of which set is applied in other specified soil types. |
Soil surface saturated hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates vertical and lateral water drainage using a logistic function that is intended to capture the breakthrough characteristics of soil water movement. The logistic function provides a simple way (3 parameters) to capture the fast “switching” from low to high flow as water storage within a soil layer approaches field capacity. VELMA offers two alternative methods, direct or indirect, for specifying these parameters. However, because the direct method is still under development, we recommend that users use the indirect method. We refer to this method as an “indirect" because VELMA internally uses the specified soil Ks parameter values to calculate the actual soil lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values used during the simulation run. |
Vertical decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Vertical Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the rate of decrease in vertical flow with depth. |
Wilt point ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Wilt Point: the minimal point of soil moisture (v/v) the plant requires not to wilt. |
DOC loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
DON loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NH4 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NO3 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff |
Total runoff ?Comment:Combined surface and subsurface runoff. |
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Min Value
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Max Value
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Other Value
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DOC (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
DON (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Elevation ?Comment:A spatial data file (.asc) containing elevation values (in meters) for every cell in the simulation area. The term “Flat-Processed” indicates that the contents of the file have been pre-processed by the JPDEM flat-processing utility. The DEM file is the “master” film for a simulation run: all other spatially-explicit data is assumed to have the same row, column, cell size and x, y offset values as the DEM file. Used to develop slope and aspect values. |
Land cover ?Comment:Class variable. Model can include multiple land cover types within watersheds. |
Land cover age ?Comment:To enable scheduling of disturbance events during a simulation, VELMA needs to keeps track of changes in the age (years) of vegetation from one calendar year to another. |
NH4 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
NO3 (layers 1,2,3,4) ?Comment:Optional output of the VELMA Leaf Soil Root (LSR) submodel. |
Precipitation ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Soil type ?Comment:VELMA requires information on key soil properties affecting hydrological and biogeochemical processes within a study watershed. Whether single or multiple soil types are modeled within a watershed, you will need to establish a soil type map and specify parameter values for a set of soil properties associated with each soil type. |
Temperature (air) ?Comment:The Default Weather Model provides uniform precipitation and air temperature values for all cells of a simulation’s delineated watershed for each day of a simulation run, and includes a simple snow model. |
Air density |
Bulk density ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Bulk density: the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil (g/cm3). |
DOC loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DOC loss. |
DON loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro DON loss. |
Evapotranspiration calibration coefficient ?Comment:Evapotranspiration coefficient used in the logistic equation that computes ET from PET. |
Field capacity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil field capacity: the amount of soil moisture (v/v) held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased. |
Fraction of potential evapotranspiration available outside of the land cover's growing season ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. The fraction of PET available outside of this a cover species/type’s growing season range [0.0 - 1.0]. |
Initial uniform soil moisture ?Comment:Because soil moisture can vary significantly in space and time, it would be extremely difficult to specify realistic soil moisture amounts for every soil layer in every cell within a watershed. A more practical method is to specify a uniform amount of initial soil moisture for all layers and cells, and then allow these initial values to adjust to realistic levels during a “spin up” period of years prior to the simulated years of interest. By default, VELMA set the initial water content of all cells and layers to the field capacity value specified for each soil type. , i.e., when the parameter initialUniformSoilMoisture is set to its default value of -1 (if it is set to any other value, reset it to -1). |
Lateral decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Lateral Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the exponential rate of decrease in lateral flow with depth. |
NH4 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NH4 loss. |
NO3 loss due to horizontal and vertical water flow ?Comment:Optional variable calibrated in the computation of daily hydro NO3 loss. |
Porosity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Soil porosity: the fraction of void space (v/v) in a soil. |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 1 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. First term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration parameter 2 ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land cover. Second term of PET Hamon Equation: petParam1 * petParam2 * gS.roair * (esat / 1000.0f). |
Potential evapotranspiration temperature off (air) ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Land coiver. Potential evapotranspiration is only active when air temperature is > than this value (in degrees C). |
Rain on snow effect ?Comment:Used in conjunction with the snowMeltRate to determine the amount of snow that melts into surface water. |
Snow formation temperature (air) ?Comment:The air temperature (in degrees C) below which the day’s precipitation is counted as snow. At and above this temperature, it is counted as rain. |
Snow melt rate ?Comment:The rate at which melting snow becomes surface water. |
Snow melt temperature (air) ?Comment:The temperature above which any available snow begins to melt. |
Soil layer (layer 1,2,3,4) thickness ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. There are two methods, direct or indirect, that can be used to specify soil layer depths. The direct and indirect methods have their own distinct set of parameters that are available to each soil type specified for a given simulation configuration. Each method has its advantages. Thus, it is up to the user to decide which one to use. Either the direct or indirect set of parameters can be applied to a specified soil type, independent of which set is applied in other specified soil types. |
Soil surface saturated hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates vertical and lateral water drainage using a logistic function that is intended to capture the breakthrough characteristics of soil water movement. The logistic function provides a simple way (3 parameters) to capture the fast “switching” from low to high flow as water storage within a soil layer approaches field capacity. VELMA offers two alternative methods, direct or indirect, for specifying these parameters. However, because the direct method is still under development, we recommend that users use the indirect method. We refer to this method as an “indirect" because VELMA internally uses the specified soil Ks parameter values to calculate the actual soil lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) values used during the simulation run. |
Vertical decay rate of hydraulic conductivity ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. Vertical Ks exponential decay factor (unitless) controlling the rate of decrease in vertical flow with depth. |
Wilt point ?Comment:Variable whose value is constant with respect to the driving class variable; Soil type. VELMA simulates the effect of several soil physical properties on water retention, rates of drainage and other hydrological processes. Wilt Point: the minimal point of soil moisture (v/v) the plant requires not to wilt. |
DOC loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
DON loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NH4 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
NO3 loss (daily) ?Comment:Optional response computed using the VELMA LSR optional submodel and Hydro submodel outputs. |
Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff |
Total runoff ?Comment:Combined surface and subsurface runoff. |
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Variability Expression Given?
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Variability Metric
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Resampling Used?
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Variability Expression Used in Modeling?
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DOC loss (daily) | DON loss (daily) | NH4 loss (daily) | NO3 loss (daily) | Subsurface runoff (layer 1,2,3,4) | Surface runoff | Total runoff | |
Variable ID
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Validation Approach (within, between, etc.)
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Use of Measured Response Data
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