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EM Identity and Description

EM Identification (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Short Name em.detail.shortNameHelp ?	Wildflower mix supporting bees, MI, USA	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Full Name em.detail.fullNameHelp ?	Wildflower planting mix supporting bees in agricultural landscapes, MI, USA	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Source or Collection em.detail.emSourceOrCollectionHelp ?	None	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Source Document ID	400	*	*	*	*	*	*
Document Author em.detail.documentAuthorHelp ?	Williams, N.M., Ward, K.L., Pope, N., Isaacs, R., Wilson, J., May, E.A., Ellis, J., Daniels, J., Pence, A., Ullmann, K., and J. Peters	*	*	*	*	*	*
Document Year em.detail.documentYearHelp ?	2015	*	*	*	*	*	*
Document Title em.detail.sourceIdHelp ?	Native wildflower Plantings support wild bee abundance and diversity in agricultural landscapes across the United States	*	*	*	*	*	*
Document Status em.detail.statusCategoryHelp ?	Peer reviewed and published	*	*	*	*	*	*
Comments on Status em.detail.commentsOnStatusHelp ?	Published journal manuscript	*	*	*	*	*	*

Software and Access (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Software Access info Exit em.detail.modelAccessInformationHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*	*	*	*	*
Contact Name em.detail.contactNameHelp ?	Neal Williams	*	*	*	*	*	*
Contact Address	Department of Entomology and Mematology, Univ. of CA, One Shilds Ave., Davis, CA 95616	*	*	*	*	*	*
Contact Email	nmwilliams@ucdavis.edu	*	*	*	*	*	*

EM Description (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Summary Description em.detail.summaryDescriptionHelp ?	Abstract: " Global trends in pollinator-dependent crops have raised awareness of the need to support managed and wild bee populations to ensure sustainable crop production. Provision of sufficient forage resources is a key element for promoting bee populations within human impacted landscapes, particularly those in agricultural lands where demand for pollination service is high and land use and management practices have reduced available flowering resources. Recent government incentives in North America and Europe support the planting of wildflowers to benefit pollinators; surprisingly, in North America there has been almost no rigorous testing of the performance of wildflower mixes, or their ability to support wild bee abundance and diversity. We tested different wildflower mixes in a spatially replicated, multiyear study in three regions of North America where production of pollinatordependent crops is high: Florida, Michigan, and California. In each region, we quantified flowering among wildflower mixes composed of annual and perennial species, and with high and low relative diversity. We measured the abundance and species richness of wild bees, honey bees, and syrphid flies at each mix over two seasons. In each region, some but not all wildflower mixes provided significantly greater floral display area than unmanaged weedy control plots. Mixes also attracted greater abundance and richness of wild bees, although the identity of best mixes varied among regions. By partitioning floral display size from mix identity we show the importance of display size for attracting abundant and diverse wild bees. Season-long monitoring also revealed that designing mixes to provide continuous bloom throughout the growing season is critical to supporting the greatest pollinator species richness. Contrary to expectation, perennials bloomed in their first season, and complementarity in attraction of pollinators among annuals and perennials suggests that inclusion of functionally diverse species may provide the greatest benefit. Wildflower mixes may be particularly important for providing resources for some taxa, such as bumble bees, which are known to be in decline in several regions of North America. No mix consistently attained the full diversity that was planted. Further study is needed on how to achieve the desired floral display and diversity from seed mixes. " Additional information in supplemental Appendices online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1748.1.sm	*	*	*	*	*	*
Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp ?	None identrified	*	*	*	*	*	None identified
Biophysical Context	field plots near agricultural fruit and vegetable research farms	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Scenario Drivers em.detail.scenarioDriverHelp ?	Varied wildflower planting mixes of annuals and perennials	*	*	*	*	*	*

EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run em.detail.methodOrAppHelp ?	Method + Application (multiple runs exist)	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application
New or Pre-existing EM? em.detail.newOrExistHelp ?	New or revised model	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed

Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Document ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp ?	Doc-400	None	None	None	None	None	None
EM ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp ?	EM-784	EM-784	None	None	EM-784	EM-784	EM-784

EM Modeling Approach

EM Relationship to Time (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Temporal Extent em.detail.tempExtentHelp ?	2010-2011	*	*	2011-2012	2011-2012	2011-2012	2011-2012
EM Time Dependence em.detail.timeDependencyHelp ?	time-dependent	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Time Reference (Future/Past) em.detail.futurePastHelp ?	past time	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Time Continuity em.detail.continueDiscreteHelp ?	discrete	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Value em.detail.tempGrainSizeHelp ?	1	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Unit em.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp ?	Year	*	*	*	*	*	*

EM spatial extent (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Bounding Type em.detail.boundingTypeHelp ?	Point or points ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km	* ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km	* ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km	* ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km	* ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km	* ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km	* ? Comment: This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km
Spatial Extent Name em.detail.extentNameHelp ?	Agricultural plots	*	*	*	*	*	*
Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude) em.detail.extentAreaHelp ?	10-100 km^2	*	*	*	*	*	*

Spatial Distribution of Computations (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Spatial Distribution em.detail.distributeLumpHelp ?	spatially lumped (in all cases)	*	*	*	*	*	*
Spatial Grain Type em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*	*	*	*	*
Spatial Grain Size em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*	*	*	*	*

EM Structure and Computation Approach (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Computational Approach em.detail.emComputationalApproachHelp ?	Numeric	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Determinism em.detail.deterStochHelp ?	deterministic	*	*	*	*	*	*
Statistical Estimation of EM em.detail.statisticalEstimationHelp ?	Conventional (frequentist) statistics	*	*	*	*	*	*

Model Checking Procedures Used (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Model Calibration Reported? em.detail.calibrationHelp ?	No	*	*	*	*	*	*
Model Goodness of Fit Reported? em.detail.goodnessFitHelp ?	No	*	*	*	*	*	*
Goodness of Fit (metric\| value \| unit) em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp ?	None	*	*	*	*	*	*
Model Operational Validation Reported? em.detail.validationHelp ?	No	*	*	*	*	*	*
Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported? em.detail.uncertaintyAnalysisHelp ?	No	*	*	*	*	*	*
Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported? em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp ?	No	*	*	*	*	*	*
Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions? em.detail.interactionConsiderHelp ?	Not applicable	*	*	*	*	*	*

EM Locations, Environments, Ecology

Location of EM Application (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])

EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
North America United States Michigan	*	*	*	*	*	*

Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)

EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
None	*	*	*	*	*	*

Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Centroid Latitude em.detail.ddLatHelp ?	43.87	*	*	*	*	*	*
Centroid Longitude em.detail.ddLongHelp ?	-85.64	*	*	*	*	*	*
Centroid Datum em.detail.datumHelp ?	WGS84	*	*	*	*	*	*
Centroid Coordinates Status em.detail.coordinateStatusHelp ?	Provided	*	*	*	*	*	*

Environments and Scales Modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Environmental Sub-Class em.detail.emEnvironmentalSubclassHelp ?	Agroecosystems	*	*	*	*	*	*
Specific Environment Type em.detail.specificEnvTypeHelp ?	Agricultural landscape	*	*	*	*	*	*
EM Ecological Scale em.detail.ecoScaleHelp ?	Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class	*	*	*	*	*	*

Organisms modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
EM Organismal Scale em.detail.orgScaleHelp ?	Species	*	*	*	*	*	*

Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified

EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
other Bees Species Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symnphyotrichum novae-angliae Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Agalinis tenuifolia Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Asclepias syriaca Symnphyotrichum laeve Froelichia floridana	other Bees Species Agalinis tenufolia Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symphyotricum novae-angliae Asclepias syrica Symphyotrichum laeve Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Froelichia floridana	other Bees Species Agalinis tenufolia Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symphyotricum novae-angliae Asclepias syrica Symphyotrichum laeve Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Froelichia floridana	other Bees Species Agalinis tenufolia Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symphyotricum novae-angliae Asclepias syrica Symphyotrichum laeve Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Froelichia floridana	other Bees Species Agalinis tenufolia Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symphyotricum novae-angliae Asclepias syrica Symphyotrichum laeve Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Froelichia floridana	other Bees Species Agalinis tenufolia Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symphyotricum novae-angliae Asclepias syrica Symphyotrichum laeve Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Froelichia floridana	other Bees Species Agalinis tenufolia Silphium perfoliatum Monarda fistulosa Symphyotricum novae-angliae Asclepias syrica Symphyotrichum laeve Triodanis perfoliata Coreopsis tinctoria Ratibida pinnata Rudbeckia hirta Lupinus perennis Lobelia inflata Solidago speciosa Cleome serrulata Dalea purpurea Chamaecrista fasciculata Linum sulcatum Froelichia floridana

EnviroAtlas URL

EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
None Available	None Available	None Available	None Available	None Available	None Available	None Available

EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system

* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left

CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)

EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
[Ecosystem] Regulation & Maintenance Maintenance of physical, chemical, biological conditions Lifecycle maintenance, habitat and gene pool protection Pollination and seed dispersal	*	*	*	*	*	*

National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus

(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)

EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Agroecosystems (22) Fauna (4) Pollinators Site Indicator	*	*	*	*	*	*

EM Variable Names (and Units)

* Note that for runs, variable name is displayed only where data for that variable differed by run AND those differences were reported in the source document. Where differences occurred but were not reported, the variable is not listed. Click on variable name to view details.

To view run information for variables, select any variable below or view run data for all variables.

Predictor

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Driving Variables (and Units) em.detail.drivingVariableHelp ?	Year (Not applicable)	*	*	*	*	*	*
Constant or Factor Variables (and Units) em.detail.constantFactorVariableHelp ?	Wildflower seed planting mix (Not applicable)	*	*	*	*	*	*

Intermediate

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units) em.detail.intermediateVariableHelp ?	None	*	*	*	*	*	*

Response

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	EM-796	Control	Annual basic	Annual diverse	Perennial basic	Perennial diverse	Mixed
Observed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.observedResponseHelp ?	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No. ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)	Bee abundance year 1 (No. ind.) Bee abundance year 2 (No. ind.) Bee richness year 1 (No. species) Bee richness year 2 (No. species) Floral area year 1 (m^2) Floral area year 2 (m^2)
Computed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.computedResponseHelp ?	None	*	*	*	*	*	*

US EPA

EcoService Models Library (ESML)

View Runs

: Wildflower planting mix supporting bees in agricultural landscapes, MI, USA (EM-796)

EM Identity and Description

Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML

EM Modeling Approach

Comment:

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EM Locations, Environments, Ecology

Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])

Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)

Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)

Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled

Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified

EnviroAtlas URL

EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system

* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left

CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)

National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus

(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)

EM Variable Names (and Units)

* Note that for runs, variable name is displayed only where data for that variable differed by run AND those differences were reported in the source document. Where differences occurred but were not reported, the variable is not listed. Click on variable name to view details.

Predictor

Intermediate

Response