{PAGE NAME} | {WEB AREA NAME}

EM Identity and Description

EM Identification (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Short Name em.detail.shortNameHelp ?	Rate of Fire Spread	Pollinators on landfill sites, United Kingdom	VELMA v. 2.0 disturbance	CommunityViz, Albany county, Wyoming
EM Full Name em.detail.fullNameHelp ?	Rate of Fire Spread	Pollinating insects on landfill sites, East Midlands, United Kingdon	VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessment) version 2.0 disturbance	Wyoming Community Viz TM Partnership Phase I Pilot: Aquifer Protection and Community Viz TM in Albany County, Wyoming.
EM Source or Collection em.detail.emSourceOrCollectionHelp ?	*	None	US EPA	*
EM Source Document ID	306	389	366	479 ? Comment: Published as a report by the University of Wyoming, but no record of peer review.
Document Author em.detail.documentAuthorHelp ?	Rothermel, Richard C.	Tarrant S., J. Ollerton, M. L Rahman, J. Tarrant, and D. McCollin	McKane, R. B., A. Brookes, K. Djang, M. Stieglitz, A. G. Abdelnour, F. Pan, J. J. Halama, P. B. Pettus and D. L. Phillips	Lieske, S. N., Mullen, S., Knapp, M., & Hamerlinck, J. D.
Document Year em.detail.documentYearHelp ?	1972	2013	2014	2003
Document Title em.detail.sourceIdHelp ?	A Mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels	Grassland restoration on landfill sites in the East Midlands, United Kingdom: An evaluation of floral resources and pollinating insects	VELMA Version 2.0 User Manual and Technical Documentation	Wyoming Community Viz TM Partnership Phase I Pilot: Aquifer Protection and Community Viz TM in Albany County, Wyoming
Document Status em.detail.statusCategoryHelp ?	Documented, not peer reviewed	Peer reviewed and published	*	Not peer reviewed but is published (explain in Comment)
Comments on Status em.detail.commentsOnStatusHelp ?	Published USDA Forest Service report	Published journal manuscript	Published report	Published report

Software and Access (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Software Access info Exit em.detail.modelAccessInformationHelp ?	http://firelab.org/project/farsite	Not applicable	https://www.epa.gov/water-research/visualizing-ecosystem-land-management-assessments-velma-model-20	https://communityviz.com/
Contact Name em.detail.contactNameHelp ?	Charles McHugh	Sam Tarrant	Robert B. McKane	Scott Lieske
Contact Address	RMRS Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 US Highway 10 West, Missoula, MT 59808	RSPB UK Headquarters, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, U.K.	U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon 97333	Department of Agricultural & Applied Economics University of Wyoming, Laramie WY 82071
Contact Email	cmchugh@fs.fed.us	sam.tarrant@rspb.org.uk	mckane.bob@epa.gov	lieske@uwyo.edu

EM Description (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Summary Description em.detail.summaryDescriptionHelp ?	ABSTRACT: "The development of a mathematical model for predicting rate of fire spread and intensity applicable to a wide range of wildland fuels is presented from the conceptual stage through evaluation and demonstration of results to hypothetical fuel models. The model was developed for and is now being used as a basis for appraising fire spread and intensity in the National Fire Danger Rating System. The initial work was done using fuel arrays composed of uniform size particles. Three fuel sizes were tested over a wide range of bulk densities. These were 0.026-inch-square cut excelsior, 114-inch sticks, and 112-inch sticks. The problem of mixed fuel sizes was then resolved by weighting the various particle sizes that compose actual fuel arrays by either surface area or loading, depending upon the feature of the fire being predicted. The model is complete in the sense that no prior knowledge of a fuel's burning characteristics is required. All that is necessary are inputs describing the physical and chemical makeup of the fuel and the environmental conditions in which it is expected to burn. Inputs include fuel loading, fuel depth, fuel particle surface-area-to-volume ratio, fuel particle heat content, fuel particle moisture and mineral content, and the moisture content at which extinction can be expected. Environmental inputs are mean wind velocity and slope of terrain. For heterogeneous mixtures, the fuel properties are entered for each particle size. The model as originally conceived was for dead fuels in a uniform stratum contiguous to the ground, such as litter or grass. It has been found to be useful, however, for fuels ranging from pine needle litter to heavy logging slash and for California brush fields." FARSITE4 will no longer be supported or available for download or further supported. FlamMap6 now includes FARSITE.	ABSTRACT: "...Restored landfill sites are a significant potential reserve of semi-natural habitat, so their conservation value for supporting populations of pollinating insects was here examined by assessing whether the plant and pollinator assemblages of restored landfill sites are comparable to reference sites of existing wildlife value. Floral characteristics of the vegetation and the species richness and abundance of flower-visiting insect assemblages were compared between nine pairs of restored landfill sites and reference sites in the East Midlands of the United Kingdom, using standardized methods over two field seasons. …" AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "The selection criteria for the landfill sites were greater than or equal to 50% of the site restored (to avoid undue influence from ongoing landfilling operations), greater than or equal to 0.5 ha in area and restored for greater than or equal to 4 years to allow establishment of vegetation. Comparison reference sites were the closest grassland sites of recognized nature conservation value, being designated as either Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) or Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)…All sites were surveyed three times each during the fieldwork season, in Spring, Summer, and Autumn. Paired sites were sampled on consecutive days whenever weather conditions permitted to reduce temporal bias. Standardized plant surveys were used (Dicks et al. 2002; Potts et al. 2006). Transects (100 × 2m) were centered from the approximate middle of the site and orientated using randomized bearing tables. All flowering plants were identified to species level…In the first year of study, plants in flower and flower visitors were surveyed using the same transects as for the floral resources surveys. The transect was left undisturbed for 20 minutes following the initial plant survey to allow the flower visitors to return. Each transect was surveyed at a rate of approximately 3m/minute for 30 minutes. All insects observed to touch the sexual parts of flowers were either captured using a butterfly net and transferred into individually labeled specimen jars, or directly captured into the jars. After the survey was completed, those insects that could be identified in the field were recorded and released. The flower-visitor surveys were conducted in the morning, within 1 hour of midday, and in the afternoon to sample those insects active at different times. Insects that could not be identified in the field were collected as voucher specimens for later identification. Identifications were verified using reference collections and by taxon specialists. Relatively low capture rates in the first year led to methods being altered in the second year when surveying followed a spiral pattern from a randomly determined point on the sites, at a standard pace of 10 m/minute for 30 minutes, following Nielsen and Bascompte (2007) and Kalikhman (2007). Given a 2-m wide transect, an area of approximately 600m2 was sampled in each	VELMA – Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments - is a spatially distributed, eco-hydrological model that links a land surface hydrology model with a terrestrial biogeochemistry model for simulating the integrated responses of vegetation, soil, and water resources to interacting stressors. For example, VELMA can simulate how changes in climate and land use interact to affect soil water storage, surface and subsurface runoff, vertical drainage, evapotranspiration, vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics, and transport of nitrate, ammonium, and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen to water bodies. VELMA differs from other existing eco-hydrology models in its simplicity, flexibility, and theoretical foundation. The model has a user-friendly Graphics User Interface (GUI) for easy input of model parameter values. In addition, advanced visualization of simulation results can enhance understanding of results and underlying concepts. VELMA’s visualization and interactivity features are packaged in an open-source, open-platform programming environment (Java / Eclipse). The development team for VELMA version 2.0 includes Dr. Bob McKane and coworkers at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Western Ecology Division, Dr. Marc Stieglitz and coworkers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Dr. Feifei Pan at the University of North Texas. AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Understanding how disturbances such as harvest, fire and fertilization affect ecosystem services has been a major motivation in the development of VELMA. For example, how do disturbances such as forest harvest or the application of agronomic fertilizers affect hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling water quality and quantity, carbon sequestration, production of greenhouse gases, etc.? Abdelnour et al. (2011, 2013) have already demonstrated the use of VELMA v1.0 to simulate the effects of forest clearcutting on ecohydrological processes that regulate a variety of ecosystem services. With the addition of a tissue-specific plant biomass (LSR) simulator and an enhanced GUI, VELMA v2.0 significantly expands the detail, flexibility, and ease of use for simulating disturbance effects. Currently available disturbance models include: - BurnDisturbanceModel, effects of fire. - GrazeDisturbanceModel, effects of grazing. - FertilizeLsrDisturbanceModel, effects of fertilizer applications. - HarvestLsrDisturbanceModel, effects of biomass harvest. Each of these disturbance models specifies where and when a disturbance event will occur. The Burn, Graze and Harvest models have options for specifying how much of each plant tissue and detritus pool (leaves, stems, roots) will be removed and where it goes (offsite and/or to a specified onsite C and N pools). The Fertilize model has options for applying nitrogen as ammonium, nitrate, urea and/or manure."	The Wyoming Community VizTM Partnership was established in 2001 to promote the use of geographic information system-based planning support systems and related decision support technologies in community land-use planning and economic development activities in the State of Wyoming. Partnership members include several state agencies, local governments and several nongovernment organizations. Partnership coordination is provided by the Wyoming Rural Development Council. Research and technical support is coordinated by the Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center’s Spatial Decision Support System Research Program at the University of Wyoming. In June 2002, the Partnership initiated a three-phase plan to promote Community VizTM based planning support systems in Wyoming. Phase I of the Partnership plan was a “proof of concept” pilot project set in Albany County in southeastern Wyoming. The goal of the project was to demonstrate the application of Community VizTM to a Wyoming-specific issue (in this case, aquifer protection) and to determine potential challenges for broader adoption in terms of data requirements, computing infrastructure and technological expertise. The results of the Phase I pilot project are detailed in this report. Efforts are currently underway to secure funding for Phase II of the plan, which expands the use of Community VizTM into four additional Wyoming communities. Specific Phase II objectives are to expand the type and number of issues addressed by Community VizTM and increase the use of Community VizTM in the planning process. As a part of Phase II the Partnership will create a technical assistance network aimed at assisting communities with the technical challenges in applying the software to their planning issues. The third phase will expand the program to more communities in the state, maintain the technical assistance network, and monitor the impact of Community VizTM on the planning process.
Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp ?	*	None identified	*	None provided
Biophysical Context	Not applicable	No additional description provided	*	Groundwater recharge area, City of Laramie
EM Scenario Drivers em.detail.scenarioDriverHelp ?	*	No scenarios presented	*	Continuation of trends

EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run em.detail.methodOrAppHelp ?	Method Only	Method + Application (multiple runs exist)	Method Only	Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application
New or Pre-existing EM? em.detail.newOrExistHelp ?	New or revised model	New or revised model	New or revised model	Continuation of trends

Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Document ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp ?	None	Doc-389	Doc-13 \| Doc-317 \| Doc-366 \| Doc-359	Doc-473
EM ID for related EM em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp ?	None	EM-697	EM-883 \| EM-884 \| EM-375 \| EM-379 \| EM-380 \| EM-605 \| EM-892	None

EM Modeling Approach

EM Relationship to Time (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Temporal Extent em.detail.tempExtentHelp ?	Not applicable	2007-2008	Not applicable	2050
EM Time Dependence em.detail.timeDependencyHelp ?	Not applicable	time-stationary	time-dependent	*
EM Time Reference (Future/Past) em.detail.futurePastHelp ?	*	Not applicable	*	*
EM Time Continuity em.detail.continueDiscreteHelp ?	*	Not applicable	discrete	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Value em.detail.tempGrainSizeHelp ?	*	Not applicable	1	*
EM Temporal Grain Size Unit em.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp ?	*	Not applicable	Day	*

EM spatial extent (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Bounding Type em.detail.boundingTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	Multiple unrelated locations (e.g., meta-analysis)	Not applicable	Watershed/Catchment/HUC
Spatial Extent Name em.detail.extentNameHelp ?	Not applicable	East Midlands	Not applicable	Laramie City's aquifer protection area
Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude) em.detail.extentAreaHelp ?	Not applicable	1000-10,000 km^2.	Not applicable	10-100 km^2

Spatial Distribution of Computations (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Spatial Distribution em.detail.distributeLumpHelp ?	Not applicable	spatially distributed (in at least some cases)	*	spatially lumped (in all cases)
Spatial Grain Type em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin)	area, for pixel or radial feature	Not applicable
Spatial Grain Size em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp ?	Not applicable	multiple unrelated locations	user defined	Not applicable

EM Structure and Computation Approach (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Computational Approach em.detail.emComputationalApproachHelp ?	*	Analytic	Numeric	Numeric
EM Determinism em.detail.deterStochHelp ?	*	deterministic	*	*
Statistical Estimation of EM em.detail.statisticalEstimationHelp ?	None	Conventional (frequentist) statistics	*	*

Model Checking Procedures Used (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Model Calibration Reported? em.detail.calibrationHelp ?	*	Not applicable	*	Unclear
Model Goodness of Fit Reported? em.detail.goodnessFitHelp ?	*	Not applicable	*	No
Goodness of Fit (metric\| value \| unit) em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp ?	*	None	*	*
Model Operational Validation Reported? em.detail.validationHelp ?	No	Not applicable	*	Unclear
Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported? em.detail.uncertaintyAnalysisHelp ?	*	Not applicable	*	Unclear
Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported? em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp ?	*	Not applicable	*	Unclear
Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions? em.detail.interactionConsiderHelp ?	*	Not applicable	*	*

EM Locations, Environments, Ecology

Location of EM Application (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])

New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
*	Europe United Kingdom	*	North America United States Wyoming

Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)

New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
*	None	*	*

Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Centroid Latitude em.detail.ddLatHelp ?	-9999	52.22	Not applicable	41.31
Centroid Longitude em.detail.ddLongHelp ?	-9999	-0.91	Not applicable	-105.46
Centroid Datum em.detail.datumHelp ?	Not applicable	WGS84	Not applicable	*
Centroid Coordinates Status em.detail.coordinateStatusHelp ?	Not applicable	Estimated	Not applicable	*

Environments and Scales Modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Environmental Sub-Class em.detail.emEnvironmentalSubclassHelp ?	Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified)	Created Greenspace \| Grasslands	Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified)	Ground Water \| Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified)
Specific Environment Type em.detail.specificEnvTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	restored landfills and grasslands	Terrestrial environment sub-classes	watershed
EM Ecological Scale em.detail.ecoScaleHelp ?	Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class	Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class	Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class	*

Organisms modeled (* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left)

Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
EM Organismal Scale em.detail.orgScaleHelp ?	Not applicable	Individual or population, within a species	Not applicable	Not applicable

Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified

New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
*	Genus Calliopum Lasioglossum Species Apis mellifera Bombus lapidarius Oedemera nobilis Episyrphus balteatus Bombus terrestris/lucorum Bombus pascuorum	*	*

EnviroAtlas URL

New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Average Annual Precipitation	GAP Ecological Systems	Carbon storage by tree biomass (kg/m2), Ecosystem Markets: Imperiled Species and Habitats	Dasymetric Allocation of Population, Total Annual Reduced Nitrogen Deposition, Employment Rate

EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system

* Note that run information is shown only where run data differ from the "parent" entry shown at left

CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)

New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
*	[Ecosystem] Regulation & Maintenance Maintenance of physical, chemical, biological conditions Lifecycle maintenance, habitat and gene pool protection Pollination and seed dispersal	[Ecosystem] Provisioning Materials Biomass Fibres and other materials from plants, algae and animals for direct use or processing	[Non-ecosystem] Regulation & Maintenance by natural physical structures and processes Mediation of waste, toxics and other nuisances By natural chemical and physical processes Not applicable [Ecosystem] Provisioning Materials Water Ground water for non-drinking purposes [Ecosystem] Cultural Physical and intellectual interactions with biota, ecosystems, and land-/seascapes [environmental settings] Physical and experiential interactions Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings Intellectual and representative interactions Aesthetic

National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus

(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)

New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
*	None	*	Groundwater Water (3) Liquid water Flow Indicator

EM Variable Names (and Units)

* Note that for runs, variable name is displayed only where data for that variable differed by run AND those differences were reported in the source document. Where differences occurred but were not reported, the variable is not listed. Click on variable name to view details.

To view run information for variables, select any variable below or view run data for all variables.

Predictor

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Driving Variables (and Units) em.detail.drivingVariableHelp ?	Depth of fuel (ft) Low heat content of fuel size class within fuel category (Btu/lb) Mean loading of fuel size class within fuel category (lb/ft^2) Mean particle density of fuel size class within fuel category (lb/ft^3) Mean surface-area-to-volume ratio of fuel size class within fuel category (ft^2/ft^3) Mean windspeed at midflame height (ft/min) Mineral content of fuel size class within fuel category (lb minerals/lb wood) Moisture content of fuel size class within fuel category (lb moisture/lb wood) Slope (%)	Pollinating insect species (Not applicable) Pollinating insect visits (No.) Season (Not applicable) Site type (landfill/reference) (Not applicable)	Land cover (Not applicable) Land cover age threshold (years)	Albany county study area boundary (Not reported) City annual budget data ($) Common land use list (Not reported) Distances from residential parcels to recreational trail access (miles) Existing development (Not reported) Existing land use or zoning data (Not reported) Guidelines for future land use/zoning (Not reported) Number of vehicle trips taken (trips) Population projections (Not reported) Property, sales, and lodging tax data ($) Proportion of land development to open space seen from observation points (NA) Roads/infrastructure (Not reported) Species distribution GIS data (Not reported) Topography (Not reported) Vehicle miles traveled (miles) Water consumption data (millions of gallons) Water quality data (nitrate levels) (ppm)
Constant or Factor Variables (and Units) em.detail.constantFactorVariableHelp ?	Mineral damping coefficient of fuel category (unitless) Moisture damping coefficient of fuel category (unitless) Ratio of surface area of fuel category to total surface area per unit fuel cell (unitless) Ratio of surface area of fuel size class to total surface area of fuel category (unitless)	Year (Not applicable)	Aboveground stem biomass (g C m^-2) Belowground stem biomass (g C m^-2) Disturbance type (for example, harvest, fire, grazing) (Not applicable) Fraction of aboveground stem biomass converted (%) Fraction of belowground stem biomass converted (%) Fraction of converted aboveground stem biomass removed off site (%) Fraction of converted belowground stem biomass removed off site (%) Fraction of converted leaf biomass removed off site (%) Fraction of converted root biomass removed off site (%) Fraction of leaf biomass converted (%) Fraction of root biomass converted (%) Leaf biomass (g C m^-2) Root biomass (g C m^-2)	*

Intermediate

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units) em.detail.intermediateVariableHelp ?	Characteristic surface-area-to-volume ratio of fuel category (ft^2/ft^3) Characteristic surface-area-to-volume ratio of fuel complex (ft^2/ft^3) Heat of preignition for fuel size class within fuel category (Btu/lb) Low heat content of fuel category (Btu/lb) Mean bulk density of fuel complex (lb/ft^3) Mean packing ratio of fuel complex (unitless) Net loading of fuel category (lb/ft^2) No-wind propagating flux ratio (unitless) Potential reaction velocity of fuel complex (min^-1) Slope coefficient (unitless) Wind coefficient (unitless)	None	Aboveground stem biomass converted (g C m^-2) Belowground stem biomass converted (g C m^-2) Leaf biomass converted (g C m^-2) Root biomass converted (g m^-2)	*

Response

EM ID em.detail.idHelp ?	New or revised model	EM-709	New or revised model	Continuation of trends
Observed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.observedResponseHelp ?	None	Autumn season richness of pollinating insects per landfill site (No.) Autumn season richness of pollinating insects per reference site (No.) Cumulative individual abundance of pollinating insects for landfill sites (No.) Cumulative individual abundance of pollinating insects for reference sites (No.) Cumulative pollinating insect species for landfill sites (No.) Cumulative pollinating insect species for reference sites (No.) Frequency of most abundant pollinating insect species on landfill sites (no. of sites) Frequency of most abundant pollinating insect species on reference sites (no. of sites) Individual abundance of the most abundant pollinating insect species on landfill sites (No.) Individual abundance of the most abundant pollinating insect species on reference sites (No.) Spring season richness of pollinating insects per landfill site (No.) Spring season richness of pollinating insects per reference site (No.) Summer season richness of pollinating insects per landfill site (No.) Summer season richness of pollinating insects per reference site (No.)	None	*
Computed Response Variables (and Units) em.detail.computedResponseHelp ?	Rate of spread (ft/min) Reaction intensity (Btu/ft^2 min)	None	Aboveground stem detritus (g C m^-2) Belowground stem detritus (layers 1,2,3,4) (g C m^-2) Converted aboveground stem biomass removed off site (g C m^-2) Converted belowground stem biomass removed off site (g C m^-2) Converted leaf biomass removed off site (g C m^-2) Converted root biomass removed off site (g C m^-2) Leaf detritus (g C m^-2) Root detritus (layers 1,2,3,4) (g C m^-2)	Cost of community services (millions of dollars) Local tax revenues (millions of dollars) Quantity of water (millions of gallons) Recreation access (Miles to trail) Riparian area impacted (Acres) Traffic impacts (Vehicle miles traveled) Visual impact (Not reported) Water quality (nitrate levels) (ppm) Wildlife habitat (acres)

US EPA

EcoService Models Library (ESML)

View Runs

: Pollinating insects on landfill sites, East Midlands, United Kingdon (EM-709)