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EM: VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments) plant-soil, Oregon, USA (EM-380)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-380 |
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EM Short Name
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VELMA plant-soil, Oregon, USA |
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EM Full Name
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VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments) plant-soil, Oregon, USA |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA |
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EM Source Document ID
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317 |
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Document Author
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Abdelnour, A., McKane, R. B., Stieglitz, M., Pan, F., and Chen, Y. |
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Document Year
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2013 |
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Document Title
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Effects of harvest on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pacific Northwest forest catchment |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Bob McKane, VELMA Team Lead, USEPA-ORD-NHEERL-WED, Corvallis, OR (541) 754-4631; mckane.bob@epa.gov | |
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Contact Name
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Alex Abdelnour |
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Contact Address
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Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355, USA |
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Contact Email
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abdelnouralex@gmail.com |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "We used a new ecohydrological model, Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments (VELMA), to analyze the effects of forest harvest on catchment carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We applied the model to a 10 ha headwater catchment in the western Oregon Cascade Range where two major disturbance events have occurred during the past 500 years: a stand-replacing fire circa 1525 and a clear-cut in 1975. Hydrological and biogeochemical data from this site and other Pacific Northwest forest ecosystems were used to calibrate the model. Model parameters were first calibrated to simulate the postfire buildup of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in plants and soil from 1525 to 1969, the year when stream flow and chemistry measurements were begun. Thereafter, the model was used to simulate old-growth (1969–1974) and postharvest (1975–2008) temporal changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics…" AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "The soil column model consists of three coupled submodels:...a plant-soil model (Figure (A3)) that simulates ecosystem carbon storage and the cycling of C and N between a plant biomass layer and the active soil pools. Specifically, the plant-soil model simulates the interaction among aboveground plant biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen including dissolved nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and organic nitrogen, as well as DOC (equations (A7)–(A12)). Daily atmospheric inputs of wet and dry nitrogen deposition are accounted for in the ammonium pool of the shallow soil layer (equation (A13)). Uptake of ammonium and nitrate by plants is modeled using a Type II Michaelis-Menten function (equation (A14)). Loss of plant biomass is simulated through a density-dependent mortality. The mortality rate and the nitrogen uptake rate mimic the exponential increase in biomass mortality and the accelerated growth rate, respectively, as plants go through succession and reach equilibrium (equations (A14)–(A18)). Vertical transport of nutrients from one layer to another in a soil column is a function of water drainage (equations (A19)–(A22)). Decomposition of SOC follows first-order kinetics controlled by soil temperature and moisture content as described in the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM) of Raich et al. [1991] (equations (A23)–(A26)). Nitrification (equations (A27)–(A30)) and denitrification (equations (A31)–(A34)) were simulated using the equations from the generalized model of N2 and N2O production of Parton et al. [1996, 2001] and Del Grosso et al. [2000]. [12] The soil column model is placed within a catchment framework to create a spatially distributed model applicable to watersheds and landscapes. Adjacent soil columns interact with each other through the downslope lateral transport of water and nutrients (Figure (A1)). Surface and subsurface lateral flow are routed using a multiple flow direction method [Freeman, 1991; Quinn et al., 1991]. As with vertical drainage of soil water, lateral subsurface downslope flow i |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Basin elevation ranges from 430 m at the stream gauging station to 700 m at the southeastern ridgeline. Near stream and side slope gradients are approximately 24o and 25o to 50o, respectively. The climate is relatively mild with wet winters and dry summer. Mean annual temperature is 8.5 oC. Daily temperature extremes vary from 39 oC in the summer to -20 oC in the winter. |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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Forest management (harvest/no harvest) |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-13 | Doc-317 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-375 | EM-379 | EM-884 | EM-883 | EM-887 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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1969-2008 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-dependent |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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future time |
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EM Time Continuity
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discrete |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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1 |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Day |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Watershed/Catchment/HUC |
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Spatial Extent Name
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H. J. Andrews LTER WS10 |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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10-100 ha |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
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Spatial Grain Size
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30 m x 30 m surface pixel and 2-m depth soil column |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Numeric |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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No |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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No |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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44.25 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-122.33 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Provided |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Rivers and Streams | Ground Water | Forests |
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Specific Environment Type
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400 to 500 year old forest dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| GAP Ecological Systems, Average Annual Precipitation, Total Annual Reduced Nitrogen Deposition, Total Annual Nitrogen Deposition |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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| None |
EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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None |
Response
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