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Document: Sediment nitrification and denitrification in a Lake Superior estuary (Doc-333)

333
Authors
Brent J. Bellinger, Terri M. Jicha, LaRae P. Lehto, Lindsey R. Seifert-Monson, David W. Bolgrien, Matthew A. Starry, Theodore R. Angradi, Mark S. Pearson, Colleen Elonen, and Brian H. Hill
Year
2014
Title
Sediment nitrification and denitrification in a Lake Superior estuary
Document Type
Journal Article
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Journal
Journal of Great Lakes Research
Volume
40
Issue
2
Pages
392 - 403
Abstract
Inorganic nitrogen (N) transformations and removal in aquatic sediments are microbially mediated, and rates influence N-transport. In this study we related physicochemical properties of a large Great Lakes embayment, the St. Louis River Estuary (SLRE) of western Lake Superior, to sediment N-transformation rates. We tested for associations among rates and N-inputs, vegetation biomass, and temperature.We measured rates of nitrification (NIT), unamended base denitrification (DeNIT), and potential denitrification [denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA)] in 2011 and 2012 across spatial and depth zones. In vegetated habitats, NIT and DeNIT rates were highest in deep (ca. 2 m) water (249 and 2111 mg N m−2 d−1, respectively) and in the upper and lower reaches of the SLRE (N126 and 274 mg N m−2 d−1, respectively). Rates of DEA were similar among zones. In 2012, NIT, DeNIT, and DEA rates were highest in July, May, and June, respectively. System-wide, we observed highest NIT (223 and 287 mgNm−2 d−1) and DeNIT (77 and 64 mgNm−2 d−1) rates in the harbor and from deep water, respectively. Amendment with NO3− enhanced DeNIT rates more than carbon amendment; however, DeNIT and NIT rates were inversely related, suggesting the two processes are decoupled in sediments. Average proportion of N2O released during DEA (23–54%) was greater than from DeNIT (0–41%). Nitrogen cycling rates were spatially and temporally variable, but we modeled how alterations to water depth and N-inputs may impact DeNIT rates. A large flood occurred in 2012 which temporarily altered water chemistry and sediment nitrogen cycling.
URL Exit
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133014000689
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