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EM: Expected annual profit from carbon plantings, South Australia (EM-128)
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Expand AllEM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-128 |
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EM Short Name
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Profit from carbon plantings, South Australia |
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EM Full Name
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Expected annual profit from carbon plantings, South Australia |
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EM Source or Collection
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None |
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EM Source Document ID
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243 |
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Document Author
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Crossman, N. D., Bryan, B. A., and Summers, D. M. |
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Document Year
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2011 |
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Document Title
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Carbon payments and low-cost conservation |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
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Contact Name
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Neville D. Crossman |
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Contact Address
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CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia |
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Contact Email
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neville.crossman@csiro.au |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offset schemes. This demand could drive investment in tree-based monocultures that provide higher carbon yields than diverse plantings of native tree and shrub species, which sequester less carbon but provide greater variation in vegetation structure and composition. Economic instruments such as species conservation banking, the creation and trading of credits that represent biological-diversity values on private land, could close the financial gap between monocultures and more diverse plantings by providing payments to individuals who plant diverse species in locations that contribute to conservation and restoration goals. We studied a highly modified agricultural system in southern Australia that is typical of many temperate agriculture zones globally (i.e., has a high proportion of endangered species, high levels of habitat fragmentation, and presence of non-native species). We quantified the economic returns...from carbon plantings (monoculture and mixed tree and shrubs) under six carbon-price scenarios." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "The economic returns of carbon plantings are highly variable and depend primarily on carbon yield and price and opportunity costs (Newell & Stavins 2000; Richards & Stokes 2004; Torres et al. 2010)...The spatial variation in carbon yield and costs, including establishment, maintenance, transaction, and opportunity costs, means that the net economic returns of carbon plantings are also likely to vary spatially." The model presented here quantifies economic returns from a diverse mix of nine tree and shrub species, referred to as "ecological carbon plantings". |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Mix of remnant native vegetation and agricultural land. Remnant vegetation is in 20 large (>10,000 ha) contiguous fragments where rainfall is low. Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus spp. are the dominant tree species in the remnant vegetation, and major native vegetation types are open forests, woodlands, and open woodlands. Dominant agricultural uses are annual crops, annual legumes, and grazing of sheep and cows. The climate is Mediterranean with average annual rainfall ranging from 250 mm to 1000 mm. |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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Carbon prices at $10/t CO2^-e, $15/t CO2^-e, $20/t CO2^-e, $25/t CO2^-e, $30/t CO2^-e, and $40/t CO2^-e |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Model Run Associated with a Specific EM Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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Run-Ecological carbon plantings |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-245 | Doc-246 | Doc-247 | Doc-243 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-127 | EM-141 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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2009-2050 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-dependent |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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future time |
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EM Time Continuity
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discrete |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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1 |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Year |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Physiographic or Ecological |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Agricultural districts of the state of South Australia |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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100,000-1,000,000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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area, for pixel or radial feature |
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Spatial Grain Size
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1 ha x 1 ha |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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No |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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No |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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-34.9 |
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Centroid Longitude
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138.7 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Agroecosystems |
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Specific Environment Type
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Agricultural land for annual crops, annual legumes, and grazing of sheep and cows |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological region |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Guild or Assemblage |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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EnviroAtlas URL
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| None Available |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
view details (4 variables)
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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* |
Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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* |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (1 variable)
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