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EM: SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), Aixola watershed, Spain (EM-275)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-275 |
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EM Short Name
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SWAT, Aixola watershed, Spain |
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EM Full Name
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SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), Aixola watershed, Spain |
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EM Source or Collection
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None |
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EM Source Document ID
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295 |
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Document Author
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Zabaleta, A., Meaurio, M., Ruiz, E., and Antigüedad, I. |
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Document Year
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2014 |
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Document Title
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Simulation climate change impact on runoff and sediment yield in a small watershed in the Basque Country, Northern Spain |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| http://swat.tamu.edu/software/arcswat/ | |
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Contact Name
em.detail.contactNameHelp
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Ane Zabaleta |
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Contact Address
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Hydrogeology and Environment Group, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country (Spain) |
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Contact Email
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ane.zabaleta@ehu.es |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "We explored the potential impact of climate change on runoff and sediment yield for the Aixola watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model calibration (2007–2010) and validation (2005–2006) results were rated as satisfactory. Subsequently, simulations were run for four climate change model–scenario combinations based on two general circulation models (CGCM2 and ECHAM4) under two emissions scenarios (A2 and B2) from 2011 to 2100." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "The results were grouped into three consecutive 30-yr periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) and compared with the values simulated for the baseline period (1961-1990)." |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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Transport of solids for characterizing rivers in the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) |
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Biophysical Context
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The Aixola watershed drains into the Aixola reservoir, which has a cpacity of 2.73 x 10^6 m^3, and is used for water supply. The elevation ranges from 340 m at the outlet of the watershed to 750 m at the highest peak, with a mean elevation of 511 m a.s.l. Most slopes in the watershed are less than 30%. The region is characterized by a humid and temperate climate. The mean annual precipitation is about 1480 mm, distributed fairly evenly throughout the year.; the mean annual temperature is 12 degrees C; and the mean annual discharge is 600 mm (around 0.092 m^3 s^−1). Autochthonus vegetation is limited to small patches, and commercial foresty, mostly evergreen stands composed mainly of Pinus radiata (Monterey pine), occupies more than 80% of the watershed. The lithology is highly homogenous, with most of the bedrock (94%) consisting of impervious Upper Cretaceous Calcareous Flysch. The main types of soils are relatively deep cambisols and regosols, with depths ranging from 0.8 to 10 m and a silt-loam texture. During the 2003-2008 period, mean suspended sediment yield calculated for the watershed was 36 t km^-2. |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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Four future climate change scenarios combining two IPCC SRES scenarios and two GCMs |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
em.detail.newOrExistHelp
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Application of existing model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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None |
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EM ID for related EM
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None |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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1961-2100 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-dependent |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
em.detail.futurePastHelp
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future time |
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EM Time Continuity
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continuous |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Watershed/Catchment/HUC |
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Spatial Extent Name
em.detail.extentNameHelp
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Aixola watershed |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
em.detail.extentAreaHelp
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1-10 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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area, for pixel or radial feature |
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Spatial Grain Size
em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp
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Average size 0.2 km^2 |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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No |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
em.detail.relationToSpaceTerrestrialHelp
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
em.detail.relationToSpaceMarineHelp
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
em.detail.ddLatHelp
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43 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-1 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Provided |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Rivers and Streams | Forests | Barren |
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Specific Environment Type
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Forested watershed used for commercial forestry |
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EM Ecological Scale
em.detail.ecoScaleHelp
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Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
em.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp
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| National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHD PlusV2), Average Annual Precipitation |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
fegs2Help
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
em.detail.intermediateVariableHelp
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None |
Response
em.detail.variablesResponseHelp
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (4 variables)
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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