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EM: Decrease in erosion (shoreline) by reef, St. Croix, USVI (EM-449)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-449 |
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EM Short Name
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Decrease in erosion (shoreline), St. Croix, USVI |
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EM Full Name
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Decrease in erosion (shoreline) by reef, St. Croix, USVI |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA |
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EM Source Document ID
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335 |
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Document Author
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Yee, S. H., Dittmar, J. A., and L. M. Oliver |
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Document Year
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2014 |
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Document Title
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Comparison of methods for quantifying reef ecosystem services: A case study mapping services for St. Croix, USVI |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
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Contact Name
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Susan H. Yee |
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Contact Address
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US EPA, Office of Research and Development, NHEERL, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA |
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Contact Email
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yee.susan@epa.gov |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "...We investigated and compared a number of existing methods for quantifying ecological integrity, shoreline protection, recreational opportunities, fisheries production, and the potential for natural products discovery from reefs. Methods were applied to mapping potential ecosystem services production around St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Overall, we found that a number of different methods produced similar predictions." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "A number of methods have been developed for linking biophysical attributes of reef condition, such as reef structural complexity, fish biomass, or species richness, to provisioning of ecosystem goods and services (Principe et al., 2012). We investigated the feasibility of using existing methods and data for mapping production of reef ecosystem goods and services. We applied these methods toward mapping potential ecosystem goods and services production in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI)...For each of the five categories of ecosystem services, we chose a suite of models and indices for estimating potential production based on relative ease of implementation, consisting of well-defined parameters, and likely availability of input data, to maximize potential for transferability to other locations. For each method, we assembled the necessary reef condition and environmental data as spatial data layers for St. Croix (Table1). The coastal zone surrounding St. Croix was divided into 10x10 m grid cells, and production functions were applied to quantify ecosystem services provisioning in each grid cell...Shoreline protection as an ecosystem service has been defined in a number of ways including protection from shoreline erosion...and can thus be estimated as % Decrease in erosion due to reef = 1 - (Ho/H)^2.5 where Ho is the attenuated wave height due to the presence of the reef and H is wave height in the absence of the reef." |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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No additional description provided |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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Application of existing model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-335 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-447 | EM-448 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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2006-2007, 2010 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-stationary |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Physiographic or ecological |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Coastal zone surrounding St. Croix |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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100-1000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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area, for pixel or radial feature |
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Spatial Grain Size
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10 m x 10 m |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
em.detail.relationToSpaceTerrestrialHelp
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| None |
Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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17.73 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-64.77 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Near Coastal Marine and Estuarine |
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Specific Environment Type
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Coral reefs |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHD PlusV2) |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
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None |
Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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None |
Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (1 variable)
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