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EM: Multimetric Indice (MMI) method for large scale aquatic surveys (EM-820)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-820 |
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EM Short Name
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MMI method for aquatic surveys |
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EM Full Name
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Multimetric Indice (MMI) method for large scale aquatic surveys |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA |
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EM Source Document ID
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403 |
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Document Author
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Stoddard, J.L., Herlihy, A.T., Peck, D.V., Hughes, R.M., Whittier, T.R., and E. Tarquinio |
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Document Year
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2008 |
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Document Title
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A process for creating multimetric indices for large-scale A process for creating multimetic indices for large-scale aquatic surveys |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
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Contact Name
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John Stoddard |
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Contact Address
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200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333 |
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Contact Email
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stoddard.john@epa.gov |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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Abstract: "Differences in sampling and laboratory protocols, differences in techniques used to evaluate metrics, and differing scales of calibration and application prohibit the use of many existing multimetric indices (MMIs) in large-scale bioassessments. We describe an approach to developing MMIs of ecological condition that is applicable to a variety of biological assemblage types and to spatially extensive (regional, national) aquatic resource surveys. The process involves testing the performance characteristics of candidate metrics in several categories that correspond to key dimensions of biotic condition. The performance characteristics include: information content (range), reproducibility, calibration for natural gradients, responsiveness to stressor gradients, and independence from other metrics. The best-performing metric from each category is included in the final MMI. The consistency of the process enables development of separate MMIs in different regions that can be combined in a national assessment and that are more comparable across regions and taxonomic groups than a set of independently developed MMIs would be. Range: Generally eliminate metrics if their range is <4 or if > 1/3 of samples have values = 0. Very few macroinvertebrate metrics are eliminated by this test. It does eliminate a large number of potentially poor metrics for assemblages with fewer taxa (e.g., fish). Reproducibility: We quantify metric reproducibility with a variant of the signal:noise ratio (S/N). S/N is the ratio of the variance among all sites (signal) to the variance of repeated visits to the same site (noise). S/N values 1 indicate that visiting a single site twice yields as much metric variability as visiting 2 different sites. Natural gradient calibration: Focusing solely on reference-site data and to quantify the remaining correspondence between the metric value and the natural gradient. Responsiveness: The ability of a metric to distinguish least-disturbed (reference) from most-disturbed sites. We identify the metrics that have the highest responsiveness (t-scores) within each class and aggregated ecoregion. Redundancy: We often consider metrics as too strongly correlated when their Pearson correlation coefficients at least-disturbed sites are > |0.71| (R2 = 0.5). |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Aquatic systems |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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Not applicable |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method Only |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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None |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-821 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-dependent |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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Not applicable |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Grain Type
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Grain Size
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Not applicable |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Yes |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Longitude
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Datum
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Not applicable |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Aquatic Environment (sub-classes not fully specified) |
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Specific Environment Type
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Multiple |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Other or unclear (comment) ?Comment:Used in both large and small scale context depending upon survey |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Guild or Assemblage |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
em.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp
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| None Available |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (7 variables)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
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None |
Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
view details (5 variables)
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Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (7 variables)
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