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EM: Area and hotspots of soil accumulation, South Africa (EM-87)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-87 |
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EM Short Name
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Area & hotspots of soil accumulation, South Africa |
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EM Full Name
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Area and hotspots of soil accumulation, South Africa |
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EM Source or Collection
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None |
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EM Source Document ID
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271 |
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Document Author
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Egoh, B., Reyers, B., Rouget, M., Richardson, D.M., Le Maitre, D.C., and van Jaarsveld, A.S. |
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Document Year
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2008 |
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Document Title
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Mapping ecosystem services for planning and management |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
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Contact Name
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Benis Egoh |
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Contact Address
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Water Resources Unit, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy |
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Contact Email
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Not reported |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "We define the range of ecosystem services as areas of meaningful supply, similar to a species’ range or area of occupancy. The term ‘‘hotspots’’ was proposed by Norman Myers in the 1980s and refers to areas of high species richness, endemism and/or threat and has been widely used to prioritise areas for biodiversity conservation. Similarly, this study suggests that hotspots for ecosystem services are areas of critical management importance for the service. Here the term ecosystem service hotspot is used to refer to areas which provide large proportions of a particular service, and do not include measures of threat or endemism…Soil scientists often use soil depth to model soil production potential (soil formation) (Heimsath et al., 1997; Yuan et al., 2006). The accumulation of soil organic matter is an important process of soil formation which can be badly affected by habitat degradation and transformation (de Groot et al., 2002). Soil depth and leaf litter were used as proxies for soil accumulation. Soil depth is positively correlatedwith soil organic matter (Yuan et al., 2006); deep soils have the capacity to hold more nutrients. Litter cover was described above. Data on soil depth were obtained from the land capability map of South Africa and thresholds were based on the literature (Schoeman et al., 2002; Tekle, 2004). Areas with at least 0.4 m depth and 30% litter cover were mapped as important areas for soil accumulation, i.e. its geographic range. The hotspot was mapped as areas with at least 0.8 m depth and a 70% litter cover." |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Semi-arid environment. Rainfall varies geographically from less than 50 to about 3000 mm per year (annual mean 450 mm). Soils are mostly very shallow with limited irrigation potential. |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-271 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-85 | EM-86 | EM-88 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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Not reported |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-stationary |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Geopolitical |
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Spatial Extent Name
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South Africa |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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>1,000,000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
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Spatial Grain Size
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Distributed across catchments with average size of 65,000 ha |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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No |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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No |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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-30 |
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Centroid Longitude
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25 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified) |
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Specific Environment Type
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Not applicable |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
em.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp
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| None Available |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
fegs2Help
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| None |
EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
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None |
Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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None |
Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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