EcoService Models Library (ESML)
Home
Search EMs
My
EMs 
Learn about
ESML
View ESML Data Maploading
EM: Health, safety and greening urban vacant space, Pennsylvania, USA (EM-878)
Collapse All
Expand All
- Export Data to Spreadsheet (Free Viewers)
- View Variable Relationship Diagram (PDF)(1 pp, 80 KB, About PDF)
EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-878 |
|
EM Short Name
em.detail.shortNameHelp
?
|
Health, safety and greening urban space, PA, USA |
|
EM Full Name
em.detail.fullNameHelp
?
|
Health, safety and greening urban vacant space, Pennsylvania, USA |
|
EM Source or Collection
em.detail.emSourceOrCollectionHelp
?
|
None |
|
EM Source Document ID
|
419 |
|
Document Author
em.detail.documentAuthorHelp
?
|
Branas, C. C., R. A. Cheney, J. M. MacDonald, V. W. Tam, T. D. Jackson, and T. R. Ten Havey |
|
Document Year
em.detail.documentYearHelp
?
|
2011 |
|
Document Title
em.detail.sourceIdHelp
?
|
A difference-in-differences analysis of health, safety, and greening vacant urban space |
|
Document Status
em.detail.statusCategoryHelp
?
|
Peer reviewed and published |
|
Comments on Status
em.detail.commentsOnStatusHelp
?
|
Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
|
Contact Name
em.detail.contactNameHelp
?
|
Charles C. Branas |
|
Contact Address
|
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, Room 936, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021 |
|
Contact Email
|
cbranas@upenn.edu |
EM Description
|
Summary Description
em.detail.summaryDescriptionHelp
?
|
ABSTRACT: "Greening of vacant urban land may affect health and safety. The authors conducted a decade-long difference-indifferences analysis of the impact of a vacant lot greening program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on health and safety outcomes. ‘‘Before’’ and ‘‘after’’ outcome differences among treated vacant lots were compared with matched groups of control vacant lots that were eligible but did not receive treatment. Control lots from 2 eligibility pools were randomly selected and matched to treated lots at a 3:1 ratio by city section. Random-effects regression models were fitted, along with alternative models and robustness checks. Across 4 sections of Philadelphia, 4,436 vacant lots totaling over 7.8 million square feet (about 725,000 m^2) were greened from 1999 to 2008. Regression adjusted estimates showed that vacant lot greening was associated with consistent reductions in gun assaults across all 4 sections of the city (P < 0.001) and consistent reductions in vandalism in 1 section of the city (P < 0.001). Regression-adjusted estimates also showed that vacant lot greening was associated with residents’ reporting less stress and more exercise in select sections of the city (P < 0.01). Once greened, vacant lots may reduce certain crimes and promote some aspects of health. Limitations of the current study are discussed. Community-based trials are warranted to further test these findings." REVIEWER'S COMMENTS: Regression models were fitted separately for point-based, tract-based, and block group-based outcomes, and for the four sections of Philadelphia separately and combined. This entry presents just the point-based outcomes for the whole of Philadelphia. |
|
Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp
?
|
None identified |
|
Biophysical Context
|
No additional description provided |
|
EM Scenario Drivers
em.detail.scenarioDriverHelp
?
|
No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
|
Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
em.detail.methodOrAppHelp
?
|
Method + Application |
|
New or Pre-existing EM?
em.detail.newOrExistHelp
?
|
New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
em.detail.relatedEmHelp
?
|
Document ID for related EM
em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp
?
|
None |
|
EM ID for related EM
em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp
?
|
None |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
|
EM Temporal Extent
em.detail.tempExtentHelp
?
|
1998-2008 |
|
EM Time Dependence
em.detail.timeDependencyHelp
?
|
time-stationary |
|
EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
em.detail.futurePastHelp
?
|
Not applicable |
|
EM Time Continuity
em.detail.continueDiscreteHelp
?
|
Not applicable |
|
EM Temporal Grain Size Value
em.detail.tempGrainSizeHelp
?
|
Not applicable |
|
EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
em.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp
?
|
Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
|
Bounding Type
em.detail.boundingTypeHelp
?
|
Geopolitical |
|
Spatial Extent Name
em.detail.extentNameHelp
?
|
Philadelphia |
|
Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
em.detail.extentAreaHelp
?
|
100-1000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
|
EM Spatial Distribution
em.detail.distributeLumpHelp
?
|
spatially distributed (in at least some cases) ?Comment:Point-based measures are continuous and boundary-free, assign each lot to its own unique neighborhood, and avoid aggregation effects while directly accounting for spillover and the variability of neighboring areas. |
|
Spatial Grain Type
em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp
?
|
other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
|
Spatial Grain Size
em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp
?
|
Point based |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
|
EM Computational Approach
em.detail.emComputationalApproachHelp
?
|
Analytic |
|
EM Determinism
em.detail.deterStochHelp
?
|
deterministic |
|
Statistical Estimation of EM
em.detail.statisticalEstimationHelp
?
|
|
Model Checking Procedures Used
|
Model Calibration Reported?
em.detail.calibrationHelp
?
|
No |
|
Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
em.detail.goodnessFitHelp
?
|
No ?Comment:Each outcome was fitted separatly, with R2 provided. See Variable Value comment for each Response. |
|
Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp
?
|
None |
|
Model Operational Validation Reported?
em.detail.validationHelp
?
|
No |
|
Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
em.detail.uncertaintyAnalysisHelp
?
|
No |
|
Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp
?
|
No |
|
Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
em.detail.interactionConsiderHelp
?
|
Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
em.detail.relationToSpaceTerrestrialHelp
?
|
Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
em.detail.relationToSpaceMarineHelp
?
| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
|
Centroid Latitude
em.detail.ddLatHelp
?
|
39.95 |
|
Centroid Longitude
em.detail.ddLongHelp
?
|
-75.17 |
|
Centroid Datum
em.detail.datumHelp
?
|
WGS84 |
|
Centroid Coordinates Status
em.detail.coordinateStatusHelp
?
|
Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
|
EM Environmental Sub-Class
em.detail.emEnvironmentalSubclassHelp
?
|
Created Greenspace |
|
Specific Environment Type
em.detail.specificEnvTypeHelp
?
|
Urban and urban green space |
|
EM Ecological Scale
em.detail.ecoScaleHelp
?
|
Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
em.detail.nameOfOrgsOrGroupsHelp
?
|
EM Organismal Scale
em.detail.orgScaleHelp
?
|
Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
?
| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
em.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp
?
| Percent Population other than White, Non-Hispanic, GAP Ecological Systems, Green Space per Capita, Total Employment, Percent Population under 13 Years Old, Employment Rate |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
?
|
(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
fegs2Help
?
|
EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
em.detail.variablesPredictorHelp
?
Intermediate
|
Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
em.detail.intermediateVariableHelp
?
|
None |
Response
em.detail.variablesResponseHelp
?