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EM: OpenNSPECT v. 1.1, California, U.S. (EM-940)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-940 |
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EM Short Name
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OpenNSPECT v. 1.1, California, U.S. |
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EM Full Name
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OpenNSPECT v. 1.1, California, U.S. |
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EM Source or Collection
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None |
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EM Source Document ID
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433 ?Comment:Additional source for this EM: NOAA, 2012. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Guide for OpenNSPECT, Version 1.1, p. 44. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/opennspect. |
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Document Author
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Morrison, K. D. and C. A. Kolden |
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Document Year
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2015 |
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Document Title
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Modeling the impacts of wildfire on runoff and pollutant transport from coastal watersheds to the nearshore environment |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/tools/opennspect.html | |
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Contact Name
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Crystal A. Kolden |
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Contact Address
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Not reported |
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Contact Email
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ckolden@uidaho. Edu |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "Wildfire is a common disturbance that can significantly alter vegetation in watersheds and affect the rate of sediment and nutrient transport to adjacent nearshore oceanic environments. Changes in runoff resulting from heterogeneous wildfire effects are not well-understood due to both limitations in the field measurement of runoff and temporally-limited spatial data available to parameterize runoff models. We apply replicable, scalable methods for modeling wildfire impacts on sediment and nonpoint source pollutant export into the nearshore environment, and assess relationships between wildfire severity and runoff. Nonpoint source pollutants were modeled using a GIS-based empirical deterministic model parameterized with multi-year land cover data to quantify fire-induced increases in transport to the nearshore environment. Results indicate post-fire concentration increases in phosphorus by 161 percent, sediments by 350 percent and total suspended solids (TSS) by 53 percent above pre-fire years. Higher wildfire severity was associated with the greater increase in exports of pollutants and sediment to the nearshore environment, primarily resulting from the conversion of forest and shrubland to grassland. This suggests that increasing wildfire severity with climate change will increase potential negative impacts to adjacent marine ecosystems. The approach used is replicable and can be utilized to assess the effects of other types of land cover change at landscape scales. It also provides a planning and prioritization framework for management activities associated with wildfire, including suppression, thinning, and post-fire rehabilitation, allowing for quantification of potential negative impacts to the nearshore environment in coastal basins." |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Central California coast includes twelve adjacent watersheds covering 87,638 ha and rises steeply from sea level to just below 1800 m within a few km from the coast, and experiences a Mediterranean climate, with fire season typically lasting from June to November. Precipitation is dependent on elevation ranging from 65 cm near the coast to over 130 cm at ridge top. Three ecological zones occur within the study area. These zones are comprised of grasslands, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, oak forests, mixed broadleaf evergreen forest, and coniferous forests. |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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Application of existing model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-431 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-938 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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2005-2008 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-stationary |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Watershed/Catchment/HUC |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Big Sur region, central California |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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100-1000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
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Spatial Grain Size
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irregular |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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No |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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No |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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35.96 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-121.43 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Rivers and Streams | Near Coastal Marine and Estuarine | Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified) |
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Specific Environment Type
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Coastal watersheds |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| Average Annual Precipitation |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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| None |
EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (6 variables)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
view details (3 variables)
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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None |
Response
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