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EM: EcoSim II - method (EM-964)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-964 |
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EM Short Name
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EcoSim II - method |
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EM Full Name
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EcoSim II - method |
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EM Source or Collection
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None |
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EM Source Document ID
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448 |
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Document Author
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Walters, C., Pauly, D., Christensen, V., and J.F. Kitchell |
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Document Year
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2000 |
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Document Title
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Representing density dependent consequences of life history strategies in aquatic ecostems: EcoSim II |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| https://ecopath.org/downloads/ | |
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Contact Name
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Carl Walters |
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Contact Address
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Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4 |
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Contact Email
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c.walters@oceans.ubc.ca |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: " EcoSim II uses results from the Ecopath procedure for trophic mass-balance analysis to define biomass dynamics models for predicting temporal change in exploited ecosystems. Key populations can be repre- sented in further detail by using delay-difference models to account for both biomass and numbers dynamics. A major problem revealed by linking the population and biomass dynamics models is in representation of population responses to changes in food supply; simple proportional growth and reproductive responses lead to unrealistic predic- tions of changes in mean body size with changes in fishing mortality. EcoSim II allows users to specify life history mechanisms to avoid such unrealistic predictions: animals may translate changes in feed- ing rate into changes in reproductive rather than growth rates, or they may translate changes in food availability into changes in foraging time that in turn affects predation risk. These options, along with model relationships for limits on prey availabil- ity caused by predation avoidance tactics, tend to cause strong compensatory responses in modeled populations. It is likely that such compensatory responses are responsible for our inability to find obvious correlations between interacting trophic components in fisheries time-series data. But Eco- sim II does not just predict strong compensatory responses: it also suggests that large piscivores may be vulnerable to delayed recruitment collapses caused by increases in prey species that are in turn competitors/predators of juvenile piscivores " |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None |
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Biophysical Context
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None, Ocean ecosystems |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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N/A |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method Only |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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None |
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EM ID for related EM
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None |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-dependent |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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both |
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EM Time Continuity
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discrete ?Comment:Modeller dependent |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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1 |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Day |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Other |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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Not applicable |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially lumped (in all cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Grain Size
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Not applicable |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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No |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
em.detail.relationToSpaceTerrestrialHelp
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| None |
Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Longitude
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Datum
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Not applicable |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Open Ocean and Seas |
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Specific Environment Type
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Pelagic |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Other (Comment) ?Comment:Varied levels of taxonomic order |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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EnviroAtlas URL
em.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp
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| Big game hunting recreation demand |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
fegs2Help
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
view details (4 variables)
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Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (1 variable)
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