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EM: Assessment of stormwater pollutant loads and source area contributions with storm water management model (SWMM) (EM-971)
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Expand AllEM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-971 |
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EM Short Name
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Stormwater pollutant loads, Finland |
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EM Full Name
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Assessment of stormwater pollutant loads and source area contributions with storm water management model (SWMM) |
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EM Source or Collection
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None |
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EM Source Document ID
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455 |
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Document Author
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Tuomela, C., N., Sillanpaa, and H. Koivusalo |
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Document Year
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2019 |
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Document Title
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Assessment of stormwater pollutant loads and source area contributions with storm water management model (SWMM) |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| https://www.epa.gov/water-research/storm-water-management-model-swmm | |
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Contact Name
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Camilla Tuomela |
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Contact Address
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Department of Built Environment, Aalto University School of Engineering, P.O. Box 15200, FI- 00076, Aalto, Finland |
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Contact Email
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camilla.tuomela@aalto.fi |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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Decentralized urban runoff management requires detailed information about pollutant sources and pathways. However, scarce data of local water quality compel simplified approaches in water quality modelling. This study investigated the use of constant source concentrations in modelling pollutant loads. The source area contributions of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, lead, copper and zinc were modelled with SWMM based on literature event mean concentrations (EMCs) for different land cover types and on-site rainfall and discharge data for a residential area in southern Finland. The simulated pollutant loads were compared with loads measured at the catchment outlet. Large differences were evident in the modelled catchment-scale and land cover specific loads, depending on the EMC data source. The simulated loads exceeded the measured loads especially during wet conditions, which was explained by the dilution effect of large stormwater volumes on measured EMCs. In addition, the mismatch was explained by the lack of local data for the source area EMCs and by the unaccountability of the mechanisms affecting loads along the pollutant pathways from source areas to sewer outlet. The spatial simulation of stormwater pollutant loads enabled the assessment of source area contributions at the catchment scale, as well as the pollutant pathways and the total diffuse pollution load. For a single pollutant, one or two important pollutant sources contributed the majority of the catchment load, which provides useful information for stormwater management. However, for a group of pollutants, no single land cover type dominated the pollutant loads, reflecting the challenges in decentralized water quality management in the scale of a residential area. Overall, the results emphasize that the widely used stormwater quality modelling with constant EMCs is uncertain even when on-site water quality and rainfall-runoff data from a catchment outlet are available. |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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N/A |
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Biophysical Context
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Urban residential catchment area, Espoo, Finland |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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Application of existing model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-452 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-968 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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2005-2006 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-dependent |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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past time |
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EM Time Continuity
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other or unclear (comment) |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Watershed/Catchment/HUC |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Vallikallio |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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1-10 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially lumped (in all cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Grain Size
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Not applicable |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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No |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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60.23 |
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Centroid Longitude
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24.82 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified) |
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Specific Environment Type
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Urben residential stormwater catchment |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Other or unclear (comment) |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| Average Annual Precipitation, Total Annual Nitrogen Deposition |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (1 variable)
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (5 variables)
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