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EM Identity and Description

EM ID variable.detail.emIdHelp ?	EM-942
Document Author variable.detail.emDocumentAuthorHelp ?	Hashad, K. B. Yang, J. T. Steffens, R. W. Baldauf, P. Deshmukh, K. M. Zhang
Document Year variable.detail.emDocumentYearHelp ?	2021

Variable General Info

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?	Pollutant concentration (emission source) ? Comment: The initial emmission rate is used to generate a pollutant emmission source that includes the effects of the vegetation. This subsequent emmission source is used for the remaining regions. Since deposition occurs only within the vegetation, the emission source strength is modified only in Region I.	Pollutant plume velocity ? Comment: The velocity decreases in Region I, due to drag, then it further reduces in Region II (wake). In Region III, due to recirculation, the velocity reaches a minimum before slowly recovering in Region IV. A linear fitting was chosen for Regions I, II, and III and a power fit was used for Region IV. The power fit in Region IV, accounts for the mean plume velocity that will asymptote to the upstream velocity further downwind of the barrier. Figure 5a highlights the proposed fitting, while Equations 8-11 show the functions that will be used for each region. The fitting needs to be continuous, i.e., the value of the mean plume velocity has to be the same at the boundaries of each of the four zones. The values of the fitting constants C1 to C5 were obtained for each of the training cases, then fitted as a function of the vegetation properties and local wind speed following the fitting procedure highlighted earlier.	Pollutant plume velocity (initial) ? Comment: The initial velocity can be approximated as the velocity at the mid plume height at the start of the vegetation.	Pollutant plume vertical spread ? Comment: The vertical spread, was defined as one third of the plume width. The plume spread increases strongly within the vegetation, as the flow slows down due to drag, it expands in the vertical direction thus convecting the plume with it. In Region II, the plume spread growth rate decreases as the wake is characterized by low turbulence and velocity, hence there is no effective mechanism to disperse pollutants. In Region III, the plume width experiences an increase as a result of the turbulence and recirculation in the transition zone. That growth is maintained until the plume exits the high TKE region which extends to approximately to a height of 2.2H. After the plume exits that region, the effects of the vegetation becomes minimal, and the plume growth is predominantly dominated by the local atmospheric conditions. A linear fitting was chosen for each of the four regions as it describes the plume spread growth well, while keeping the model simple as highlighted in Figure 5b and Equations 12-15. The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model.	Pollutant plume vertical spread (initial) ? Comment: The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model (equation 12).	Wake length ? Comment: The length of the wake region will depend on the vegetation properties. From the CTAG simulations, the length of the wake region was evaluated, then fitted as a function of the vegetation characteristics. Equation 7 shows the parameterized equation that describes lwake as a function of the vegetation height, width, and density (Lm).
Variable ID variable.detail.varIdHelp ?	23179	23182	23181	23183	23180	23187
Symbol variable.detail.varSymbolHelp ?	An	U	UI	Not reported	Not reported	lwake
Qualitative-Quantitative variable.detail.continuousCategoricalHelp ?	Quantitative (Cardinal Only)	Quantitative (Cardinal Only)	Quantitative (Cardinal Only)	Quantitative (Cardinal Only)	Quantitative (Cardinal Only)	Quantitative (Cardinal Only)
Cardinal-Ordinal variable.detail.cardinalOrdinalHelp ?	Cardinal	Cardinal	Cardinal	Cardinal	Cardinal	Cardinal
Units variable.detail.varUnitsHelp ?	Not reported	m s^-1	m s^-1	Not reported	Not reported	m

Variable Typology

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?	Pollutant concentration (emission source) ? Comment: The initial emmission rate is used to generate a pollutant emmission source that includes the effects of the vegetation. This subsequent emmission source is used for the remaining regions. Since deposition occurs only within the vegetation, the emission source strength is modified only in Region I.	Pollutant plume velocity ? Comment: The velocity decreases in Region I, due to drag, then it further reduces in Region II (wake). In Region III, due to recirculation, the velocity reaches a minimum before slowly recovering in Region IV. A linear fitting was chosen for Regions I, II, and III and a power fit was used for Region IV. The power fit in Region IV, accounts for the mean plume velocity that will asymptote to the upstream velocity further downwind of the barrier. Figure 5a highlights the proposed fitting, while Equations 8-11 show the functions that will be used for each region. The fitting needs to be continuous, i.e., the value of the mean plume velocity has to be the same at the boundaries of each of the four zones. The values of the fitting constants C1 to C5 were obtained for each of the training cases, then fitted as a function of the vegetation properties and local wind speed following the fitting procedure highlighted earlier.	Pollutant plume velocity (initial) ? Comment: The initial velocity can be approximated as the velocity at the mid plume height at the start of the vegetation.	Pollutant plume vertical spread ? Comment: The vertical spread, was defined as one third of the plume width. The plume spread increases strongly within the vegetation, as the flow slows down due to drag, it expands in the vertical direction thus convecting the plume with it. In Region II, the plume spread growth rate decreases as the wake is characterized by low turbulence and velocity, hence there is no effective mechanism to disperse pollutants. In Region III, the plume width experiences an increase as a result of the turbulence and recirculation in the transition zone. That growth is maintained until the plume exits the high TKE region which extends to approximately to a height of 2.2H. After the plume exits that region, the effects of the vegetation becomes minimal, and the plume growth is predominantly dominated by the local atmospheric conditions. A linear fitting was chosen for each of the four regions as it describes the plume spread growth well, while keeping the model simple as highlighted in Figure 5b and Equations 12-15. The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model.	Pollutant plume vertical spread (initial) ? Comment: The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model (equation 12).	Wake length ? Comment: The length of the wake region will depend on the vegetation properties. From the CTAG simulations, the length of the wake region was evaluated, then fitted as a function of the vegetation characteristics. Equation 7 shows the parameterized equation that describes lwake as a function of the vegetation height, width, and density (Lm).
Predictor-Intermediate-Response variable.detail.displayVariableTypeHelp ?	Intermediate (Computed) Variable	Intermediate (Computed) Variable	Intermediate (Computed) Variable	Intermediate (Computed) Variable	Intermediate (Computed) Variable	Intermediate (Computed) Variable
Predictor Variable Type variable.detail.displayPredictorVariableTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Response Variable Type variable.detail.resClassHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Data Source/Type variable.detail.dataTypeHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Variable Classification Hierarchy variable.detail.vchLevel1Help ?	4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production	4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production	4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production	4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production	4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production	4. Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production
	--Human-caused release, presence or characteristics of polluting substances	--Human-caused release, presence or characteristics of polluting substances	--Human-caused release, presence or characteristics of polluting substances	--Human-caused release, presence or characteristics of polluting substances	--Human-caused release, presence or characteristics of polluting substances	--Human-caused release, presence or characteristics of polluting substances
	----Release, presence or characteristics of nonpesticide anthropogenic toxic contaminants	----Release, presence or characteristics of nonpesticide anthropogenic toxic contaminants	----Release, presence or characteristics of nonpesticide anthropogenic toxic contaminants	----Release, presence or characteristics of nonpesticide anthropogenic toxic contaminants	----Release, presence or characteristics of nonpesticide anthropogenic toxic contaminants	----Release, presence or characteristics of nonpesticide anthropogenic toxic contaminants

Variable Spatial Characteristics

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?	Pollutant concentration (emission source) ? Comment: The initial emmission rate is used to generate a pollutant emmission source that includes the effects of the vegetation. This subsequent emmission source is used for the remaining regions. Since deposition occurs only within the vegetation, the emission source strength is modified only in Region I.	Pollutant plume velocity ? Comment: The velocity decreases in Region I, due to drag, then it further reduces in Region II (wake). In Region III, due to recirculation, the velocity reaches a minimum before slowly recovering in Region IV. A linear fitting was chosen for Regions I, II, and III and a power fit was used for Region IV. The power fit in Region IV, accounts for the mean plume velocity that will asymptote to the upstream velocity further downwind of the barrier. Figure 5a highlights the proposed fitting, while Equations 8-11 show the functions that will be used for each region. The fitting needs to be continuous, i.e., the value of the mean plume velocity has to be the same at the boundaries of each of the four zones. The values of the fitting constants C1 to C5 were obtained for each of the training cases, then fitted as a function of the vegetation properties and local wind speed following the fitting procedure highlighted earlier.	Pollutant plume velocity (initial) ? Comment: The initial velocity can be approximated as the velocity at the mid plume height at the start of the vegetation.	Pollutant plume vertical spread ? Comment: The vertical spread, was defined as one third of the plume width. The plume spread increases strongly within the vegetation, as the flow slows down due to drag, it expands in the vertical direction thus convecting the plume with it. In Region II, the plume spread growth rate decreases as the wake is characterized by low turbulence and velocity, hence there is no effective mechanism to disperse pollutants. In Region III, the plume width experiences an increase as a result of the turbulence and recirculation in the transition zone. That growth is maintained until the plume exits the high TKE region which extends to approximately to a height of 2.2H. After the plume exits that region, the effects of the vegetation becomes minimal, and the plume growth is predominantly dominated by the local atmospheric conditions. A linear fitting was chosen for each of the four regions as it describes the plume spread growth well, while keeping the model simple as highlighted in Figure 5b and Equations 12-15. The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model.	Pollutant plume vertical spread (initial) ? Comment: The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model (equation 12).	Wake length ? Comment: The length of the wake region will depend on the vegetation properties. From the CTAG simulations, the length of the wake region was evaluated, then fitted as a function of the vegetation characteristics. Equation 7 shows the parameterized equation that describes lwake as a function of the vegetation height, width, and density (Lm).
Spatial Extent Area variable.detail.spExtentHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Spatially Distributed? variable.detail.spDistributedHelp ?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Observations Spatially Patterned? variable.detail.regularSpGrainHelp ?	Yes	Yes	Not applicable	Yes	Not applicable	Yes
Spatial Grain Type variable.detail.spGrainTypeHelp ?	length, for linear feature (e.g., stream mile)	length, for linear feature (e.g., stream mile)	Not applicable	length, for linear feature (e.g., stream mile)	Not applicable	length, for linear feature (e.g., stream mile)
Spatial Grain Size variable.detail.spGrainSizeHelp ?	user defined	user defined	Not applicable	user defined	Not applicable	user defined
Spatial Density variable.detail.spDensityHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
EnviroAtlas URL variable.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp ?

Variable Temporal Characteristics

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?	Pollutant concentration (emission source) ? Comment: The initial emmission rate is used to generate a pollutant emmission source that includes the effects of the vegetation. This subsequent emmission source is used for the remaining regions. Since deposition occurs only within the vegetation, the emission source strength is modified only in Region I.	Pollutant plume velocity ? Comment: The velocity decreases in Region I, due to drag, then it further reduces in Region II (wake). In Region III, due to recirculation, the velocity reaches a minimum before slowly recovering in Region IV. A linear fitting was chosen for Regions I, II, and III and a power fit was used for Region IV. The power fit in Region IV, accounts for the mean plume velocity that will asymptote to the upstream velocity further downwind of the barrier. Figure 5a highlights the proposed fitting, while Equations 8-11 show the functions that will be used for each region. The fitting needs to be continuous, i.e., the value of the mean plume velocity has to be the same at the boundaries of each of the four zones. The values of the fitting constants C1 to C5 were obtained for each of the training cases, then fitted as a function of the vegetation properties and local wind speed following the fitting procedure highlighted earlier.	Pollutant plume velocity (initial) ? Comment: The initial velocity can be approximated as the velocity at the mid plume height at the start of the vegetation.	Pollutant plume vertical spread ? Comment: The vertical spread, was defined as one third of the plume width. The plume spread increases strongly within the vegetation, as the flow slows down due to drag, it expands in the vertical direction thus convecting the plume with it. In Region II, the plume spread growth rate decreases as the wake is characterized by low turbulence and velocity, hence there is no effective mechanism to disperse pollutants. In Region III, the plume width experiences an increase as a result of the turbulence and recirculation in the transition zone. That growth is maintained until the plume exits the high TKE region which extends to approximately to a height of 2.2H. After the plume exits that region, the effects of the vegetation becomes minimal, and the plume growth is predominantly dominated by the local atmospheric conditions. A linear fitting was chosen for each of the four regions as it describes the plume spread growth well, while keeping the model simple as highlighted in Figure 5b and Equations 12-15. The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model.	Pollutant plume vertical spread (initial) ? Comment: The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model (equation 12).	Wake length ? Comment: The length of the wake region will depend on the vegetation properties. From the CTAG simulations, the length of the wake region was evaluated, then fitted as a function of the vegetation characteristics. Equation 7 shows the parameterized equation that describes lwake as a function of the vegetation height, width, and density (Lm).
Temporal Extent variable.detail.tempExtentHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Temporally Distributed? variable.detail.tempDistributedHelp ?	No	No	No	No	No	No
Regular Temporal Grain? variable.detail.regularTempGrainHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Temporal Grain Size Value variable.detail.tempGrainSizeValHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Temporal Grain Size Units variable.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Temporal Density variable.detail.tempDensityHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable

Variable Values

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?	Pollutant concentration (emission source) ? Comment: The initial emmission rate is used to generate a pollutant emmission source that includes the effects of the vegetation. This subsequent emmission source is used for the remaining regions. Since deposition occurs only within the vegetation, the emission source strength is modified only in Region I.	Pollutant plume velocity ? Comment: The velocity decreases in Region I, due to drag, then it further reduces in Region II (wake). In Region III, due to recirculation, the velocity reaches a minimum before slowly recovering in Region IV. A linear fitting was chosen for Regions I, II, and III and a power fit was used for Region IV. The power fit in Region IV, accounts for the mean plume velocity that will asymptote to the upstream velocity further downwind of the barrier. Figure 5a highlights the proposed fitting, while Equations 8-11 show the functions that will be used for each region. The fitting needs to be continuous, i.e., the value of the mean plume velocity has to be the same at the boundaries of each of the four zones. The values of the fitting constants C1 to C5 were obtained for each of the training cases, then fitted as a function of the vegetation properties and local wind speed following the fitting procedure highlighted earlier.	Pollutant plume velocity (initial) ? Comment: The initial velocity can be approximated as the velocity at the mid plume height at the start of the vegetation.	Pollutant plume vertical spread ? Comment: The vertical spread, was defined as one third of the plume width. The plume spread increases strongly within the vegetation, as the flow slows down due to drag, it expands in the vertical direction thus convecting the plume with it. In Region II, the plume spread growth rate decreases as the wake is characterized by low turbulence and velocity, hence there is no effective mechanism to disperse pollutants. In Region III, the plume width experiences an increase as a result of the turbulence and recirculation in the transition zone. That growth is maintained until the plume exits the high TKE region which extends to approximately to a height of 2.2H. After the plume exits that region, the effects of the vegetation becomes minimal, and the plume growth is predominantly dominated by the local atmospheric conditions. A linear fitting was chosen for each of the four regions as it describes the plume spread growth well, while keeping the model simple as highlighted in Figure 5b and Equations 12-15. The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model.	Pollutant plume vertical spread (initial) ? Comment: The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model (equation 12).	Wake length ? Comment: The length of the wake region will depend on the vegetation properties. From the CTAG simulations, the length of the wake region was evaluated, then fitted as a function of the vegetation characteristics. Equation 7 shows the parameterized equation that describes lwake as a function of the vegetation height, width, and density (Lm).
Units variable.detail.estUnitHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Min Value variable.detail.minEstHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Max Value variable.detail.estHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Other Value Type variable.detail.natureOtherEstHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Other Value variable.detail.otherEstHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable

Variable Variability and Sensitivity

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?	Pollutant concentration (emission source) ? Comment: The initial emmission rate is used to generate a pollutant emmission source that includes the effects of the vegetation. This subsequent emmission source is used for the remaining regions. Since deposition occurs only within the vegetation, the emission source strength is modified only in Region I.	Pollutant plume velocity ? Comment: The velocity decreases in Region I, due to drag, then it further reduces in Region II (wake). In Region III, due to recirculation, the velocity reaches a minimum before slowly recovering in Region IV. A linear fitting was chosen for Regions I, II, and III and a power fit was used for Region IV. The power fit in Region IV, accounts for the mean plume velocity that will asymptote to the upstream velocity further downwind of the barrier. Figure 5a highlights the proposed fitting, while Equations 8-11 show the functions that will be used for each region. The fitting needs to be continuous, i.e., the value of the mean plume velocity has to be the same at the boundaries of each of the four zones. The values of the fitting constants C1 to C5 were obtained for each of the training cases, then fitted as a function of the vegetation properties and local wind speed following the fitting procedure highlighted earlier.	Pollutant plume velocity (initial) ? Comment: The initial velocity can be approximated as the velocity at the mid plume height at the start of the vegetation.	Pollutant plume vertical spread ? Comment: The vertical spread, was defined as one third of the plume width. The plume spread increases strongly within the vegetation, as the flow slows down due to drag, it expands in the vertical direction thus convecting the plume with it. In Region II, the plume spread growth rate decreases as the wake is characterized by low turbulence and velocity, hence there is no effective mechanism to disperse pollutants. In Region III, the plume width experiences an increase as a result of the turbulence and recirculation in the transition zone. That growth is maintained until the plume exits the high TKE region which extends to approximately to a height of 2.2H. After the plume exits that region, the effects of the vegetation becomes minimal, and the plume growth is predominantly dominated by the local atmospheric conditions. A linear fitting was chosen for each of the four regions as it describes the plume spread growth well, while keeping the model simple as highlighted in Figure 5b and Equations 12-15. The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model.	Pollutant plume vertical spread (initial) ? Comment: The initial vertical spread, is integral as it provides the starting point for fitting the model (equation 12).	Wake length ? Comment: The length of the wake region will depend on the vegetation properties. From the CTAG simulations, the length of the wake region was evaluated, then fitted as a function of the vegetation characteristics. Equation 7 shows the parameterized equation that describes lwake as a function of the vegetation height, width, and density (Lm).
Variability Expression Given? variable.detail.variabilityExpHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Variability Metric variable.detail.variabilityMetricHelp ?	None	None	None	None	None	None
Variability Value variable.detail.variabilityValueHelp ?	None	None	None	None	None	None
Variability Units	None	None	None	None	None	None
Resampling Used? variable.detail.bootstrappingHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
Variability Expression Used in Modeling? variable.detail.variabilityUsedHelp ?	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable

Variable Operational Validation (Response Variables only)

Name variable.detail.varNameHelp ?
Variable ID variable.detail.varIdHelp ?
Validated? variable.detail.resValidatedHelp ?
Validation Approach (within, between, etc.) variable.detail.validationApproachHelp ?
Validation Quality (Qual/Quant) variable.detail.validationQualityHelp ?
Validation Method (Stat/Deviance) variable.detail.validationMethodHelp ?
Validation Metric variable.detail.validationMetricHelp ?
Validation Value variable.detail.validationValHelp ?
Validation Units
Use of Measured Response Data variable.detail.measuredResponseDataHelp ?

Name

Variable ID

Validated?

Validation Approach (within, between, etc.)

Validation Quality (Qual/Quant)

Validation Method (Stat/Deviance)

Validation Metric

Validation Value

Validation Units

Use of Measured Response Data

US EPA

EcoService Models Library (ESML)

Variables Details

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