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EM: Pollutant dispersion by vegetation barriers (EM-942)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-942 |
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EM Short Name
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Pollutant dispersion by vegetation barriers |
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EM Full Name
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Pollutant dispersion by vegetation barriers |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA |
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EM Source Document ID
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435 |
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Document Author
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Hashad, K. B. Yang, J. T. Steffens, R. W. Baldauf, P. Deshmukh, K. M. Zhang |
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Document Year
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2021 |
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Document Title
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Parameterizing pollutant dispersion downwind of roadside vegetation barriers |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed but unpublished (explain in Comment) |
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Comments on Status
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Journal manuscript submitted or in review |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
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Contact Name
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K. Max Zhang |
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Contact Address
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Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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Contact Email
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kz33@cornell.edu |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "Communities living and working in near-road environments are exposed to elevated levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), causing adverse health effects. Roadside vegetation may help reduce TRAP through enhanced deposition and mixing….there are no studies that developed a dispersion model to characterize pollutant concentrations downwind of vegetation barriers. To account for the physical mechanisms, by which the vegetation barrier deposits and disperses pollutants, we propose a multi-region approach that describes the parameters of the standard Gaussian equations in each region. The four regions include the vegetation, a downwind wake, a transition, and a recovery zone. For each region, we fit the relevant Gaussian plume equation parameters as a function of the vegetation properties and the local wind speed. Furthermore, the model captures particle deposition which is a major factor in pollutant reduction by vegetation barriers. We generated data from 75 (CFD)-based simulations, using the Comprehensive Turbulent Aerosol Dynamics and Gas Chemistry (CTAG) model, to parameterize the Gaussian-based equations. The simulations used reflected a wide range of vegetation barriers, with heights from 2-10 m, and various densities, represented by leaf area index values from 4-11, and evaluated under different urban conditions, represented by wind speeds from 1-5 m/s. The CTAG model has been evaluated against two field measurements to ensure that it can properly represent the vegetation barrier’s pollutant deposition and dispersion. The proposed multi-region Gaussian-based model was evaluated across 9 particle sizes and a tracer gas to assess its capability of capturing deposition. The multi-region model’s normalized mean error (NME) ranged between 0.18-0.3, the fractional bias (FB) ranged between -0.12-0.09, and R2 value ranged from 0.47-0.75 across all particle sizes and the tracer gas for ground level concentrations, which are within acceptable range. Even though the multi-region model is parameterized for coniferous trees, our sensitivity study indicates that the parameterized Gaussian-based model can provide useful predictions for hedge/bushes vegetative barriers as well." ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION: Detailed variable relationships are described in the source document. The VRD associated with the ESML entry provides variables in a simplified form. |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Communities living and working in near-road environments |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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None scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method Only |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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None |
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EM ID for related EM
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None |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Dependence
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Not applicable |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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Not applicable |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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length, for linear feature (e.g., stream mile) |
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Spatial Grain Size
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user defined |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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stochastic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Not applicable |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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| None |
Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Longitude
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Datum
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Not applicable |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Not applicable |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Terrestrial Environment (sub-classes not fully specified) |
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Specific Environment Type
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Communities living and working in near-road environments |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| GAP Ecological Systems, Average Annual Precipitation |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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| None |
EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
view details (6 variables)
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Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (4 variables)
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