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EM: US EPA EnviroAtlas - Annual water recharge by tree cover; Example is shown for Durham NC and vicinity, USA (EM-142)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-142 |
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EM Short Name
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EnviroAtlas - Water recharge |
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EM Full Name
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US EPA EnviroAtlas - Annual water recharge by tree cover; Example is shown for Durham NC and vicinity, USA |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA | EnviroAtlas | i-Tree ?Comment:EnviroAtlas uses an application of the i-Tree Hydro model. |
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EM Source Document ID
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223 ?Comment:Parameter default values used in the i-Tree Hydro model were obtained from the i-Tree website (Document ID 198, EM 137). |
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Document Author
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US EPA Office of Research and Development - National Exposure Research Laboratory |
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Document Year
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2013 |
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Document Title
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EnviroAtlas - Featured Community |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published on US EPA EnviroAtlas website |
Software and Access
| https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas | |
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Contact Name
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EnviroAtlas Team |
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Contact Address
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Not reported |
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Contact Email
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enviroatlas@epa.gov |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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The Water Recharge model has been used to create coverages for several US communities. An example for Durham, NC is shown in this entry. METADATA ABSTRACT: "This EnviroAtlas dataset presents environmental benefits of the urban forest in 193 block groups in Durham, North Carolina... runoff effects are calculated for each block group using i-Tree models (www.itreetools.org), local weather data, pollution data, EPA provided city boundary and land cover data, and U.S. Census derived block group boundary data. This dataset was produced by the US Forest Service to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas." METADATA DESCRIPTION: The i-Tree Hydro model estimates the effects of tree and impervious cover on hourly stream flow values for a watershed (Wang et al 2008). The model was calibrated using hourly stream flow data to yield the best fit between model and measured stream flow results. Calibration coefficients (0-1 with 1.0 = perfect fit) were calculated for peak flow, base flow, and balance flow (peak and base). To estimate the effect of trees at the block group level for Durham, the Hydro model was run for: Gauging Station Name: SANDY CREEK AT CORNWALLIS RD NEAR DURHAM, NC, Gauging Station Location: 35°58'59.6",-78°57'24.5", Gauging Station Number: 0209722970. After calibration, the model was run a number of times under various conditions to see how the stream flow would respond given varying tree and impervious cover in the watershed. To estimate block group effects, the block group was assumed to act similarly to the watershed in terms of hydrologic effects. To estimate the block group effect, the outputs of the watershed were determined for each possible combination of tree cover (0-100%) and impervious cover (0-100%). Thus, there were a total of 10,201 possible responses (101 x 101). For each block group, the percent tree cover and percent impervious cover combination (e.g., 30% tree / 20% impervious) was matched to the appropriate watershed hydrologic response output for that combination. The hydrologic response outputs were calculated as either percent change or absolute change in units of cubic meters of water per square meter of land area for water flow or kg of pollutant per square meter of land area for pollutants. These per square meter values were multiplied by the square meters of land area in the block group to estimate the effects at the block group level. |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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Range of tree and impervious covers in urban setting |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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Application of existing model ?Comment:EnviroAtlas uses an application of the i-Tree Hydro model. |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-198 ?Comment:Parameter default values used in the i-Tree Hydro model were obtained from the i-Tree website (Document ID 198, EM 137). |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-137 | EM-51 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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2008-2010 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-stationary |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Geopolitical |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Durham, NC and vicinity |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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100-1000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
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Spatial Grain Size
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irregular |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Numeric |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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Yes |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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No |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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35.99 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-78.96 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Rivers and Streams | Ground Water | Created Greenspace |
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Specific Environment Type
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Urban areas including streams |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Community |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHD PlusV2), The Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD), Percent Impervious Area |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (1 variable)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
view details (5 variables)
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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