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EM: US EPA EnviroAtlas - Natural filtration (of water by tree cover); Example is shown for Durham NC and vicinity, USA (EM-51)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-51 |
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EM Short Name
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EnviroAtlas-Nat. filtration-water |
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EM Full Name
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US EPA EnviroAtlas - Natural filtration (of water by tree cover); Example is shown for Durham NC and vicinity, USA |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA | EnviroAtlas | i-Tree ?Comment:EnviroAtlas uses an application of the i-Tree Hydro model. |
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EM Source Document ID
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223 |
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Document Author
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US EPA Office of Research and Development - National Exposure Research Laboratory |
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Document Year
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2013 |
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Document Title
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EnviroAtlas - Featured Community |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published on US EPA EnviroAtlas website |
Software and Access
| https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas | |
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Contact Name
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EnviroAtlas Team |
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Contact Address
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Not reported |
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Contact Email
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enviroatlas@epa.gov |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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The Natural Filtration model has been used to create coverages for several US communities. An example for Durham, NC is shown in this entry. METADATA ABSTRACT: "This EnviroAtlas dataset presents environmental benefits of the urban forest in 193 block groups in Durham, North Carolina... runoff effects are calculated for each block group using i-Tree models (www.itreetools.org), local weather data, pollution data, EPA provided city boundary and land cover data, and U.S. Census derived block group boundary data. This dataset was produced by the US Forest Service to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas." METADATA DESCRIPTION: "The i-Tree Hydro model estimates the effects of tree and impervious cover on hourly stream flow values for a watershed (Wang et al 2008). i-Tree Hydro also estimates changes in water quality using hourly runoff estimates and mean and median national event mean concentration (EMC) values. The model was calibrated using hourly stream flow data to yield the best fit between model and measured stream flow results… After calibration, the model was run a number of times under various conditions to see how the stream flow would respond given varying tree and impervious cover in the watershed… The term event mean concentration (EMC) is a statistical parameter used to represent the flow-proportional average concentration of a given parameter during a storm event. EMC data is used for estimating pollutant loading into watersheds. The response outputs were calculated as kg of pollutant per square meter of land area for pollutants. These per square meter values were multiplied by the square meters of land area in the block group to estimate the effects at the block group level." METADATA DESCRIPTION PARAPHRASED: Changes in water quality were estimated for the following pollutants (entered as separate runs); total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, nitrites and nitrates, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD5), and copper. "Reduction in annual runoff (census block group)" variable data was derived from the EnviroAtlas water recharge coverage which used the i-Tree Hydro model. |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
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None identified |
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Biophysical Context
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No additional description provided |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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Application of existing model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
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Document ID for related EM
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Doc-198 |
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EM ID for related EM
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EM-137 | EM-142 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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1999-2010 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-stationary ?Comment:The underlying i-Tree Hydro model, used to generate the annual flows for which EMCs were ultimately applied, operated on an hourly timestep. The final annual flow parameter however is time stationary. |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Geopolitical |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Durham, NC and vicinity |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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100-1000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
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other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) |
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Spatial Grain Size
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irregular |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic ?Comment:The underlying i-Tree Hydro model, used to generate the annual flows for which EMCs were ultimately applied, was numeric. The final parameter however did not require iteration. |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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No |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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None |
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
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Unclear |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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| None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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35.99 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-78.96 |
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Centroid Datum
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None provided |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Rivers and Streams | Created Greenspace |
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Specific Environment Type
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Urban areas including streams |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Not applicable |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
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| None Available |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Driving Variables (and Units)
view details (3 variables)
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Constant or Factor Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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None |
Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (2 variables)
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