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EM: Willingness to pay (WTP) for a beach day, Barnstable, Massachusetts, USA (EM-682)
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EM Identity and Description
EM Identification
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EM ID
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EM-682 |
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EM Short Name
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WTP for a beach day, Massachusetts, USA |
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EM Full Name
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Willingness to pay (WTP) for a beach day, Barnstable, Massachusetts, USA |
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EM Source or Collection
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US EPA |
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EM Source Document ID
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386 |
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Document Author
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Lyon, Sarina F., Nathaniel H. Merrill, Kate K. Mulvaney, and Marisa J. Mazzotta |
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Document Year
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2018 |
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Document Title
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Valuing coastal beaches and closures using benefit transfer: An application to Barnstable, Massachusetts |
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Document Status
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Peer reviewed and published |
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Comments on Status
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Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
| Not applicable | |
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Contact Name
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Kate K, Mulvaney |
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Contact Address
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Not reported |
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Contact Email
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Mulvaney.Kate@EPA.gov |
EM Description
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Summary Description
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ABSTRACT: "Each year, millions of Americans visit beaches for recreation, resulting in significant social welfare benefits and economic activity. Considering the high use of coastal beaches for recreation, closures due to bacterial contamination have the potential to greatly impact coastal visitors and communities. We used readily-available information to develop two transferable models that, together, provide estimates for the value of a beach day as well as the lost value due to a beach closure. We modeled visitation for beaches in Barnstable, Massachusetts on Cape Cod through panel regressions to predict visitation by type of day, for the season, and for lost visits when a closure was posted. We used a meta-analysis of existing studies conducted throughout the United States to estimate a consumer surplus value of a beach visit of around $22 for our study area, accounting for water quality at beaches by using past closure history. We applied this value through a benefit transfer to estimate the value of a beach day, and combined it with lost town revenue from parking to estimate losses in the event of a closure. The results indicate a high value for beaches as a public resource and show significant losses to the town when beaches are closed due to an exceedance in bacterial concentrations." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "We used existing studies in a meta-analysis to estimate appropriate benefit transfer values of consumer surplus per beach visit for Barnstable. The studies we include in the model are for beaches across the United States, allowing the metaregression model to be more broadly applicable to other beaches and for values to be adjusted based on appropriate site attributes...To identify relevant studies, we selected 25 studies of beach use and swimming from the Recreation Use Values Database (RUVD), where consumer surplus values are presented as value per day in 2016 dollars...We added beach length and history of closures to contextualize the model for our application by proxying water quality and site quality." Equation 1, page 11, provides the meta-regression. |
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Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp
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Economic value of protecting coastal beach water quality from contamination caused closures. |
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Biophysical Context
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Four separate beaches within the community of Barnstable |
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EM Scenario Drivers
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No scenarios presented |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
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Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
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Method + Application |
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New or Pre-existing EM?
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New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
em.detail.relatedEmHelp
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Document ID for related EM
em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp
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Doc-386 | Doc-387 |
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EM ID for related EM
em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp
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EM-684 | EM-685 | EM-683 | EM-686 |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
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EM Temporal Extent
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July 1, 2011 to June 31, 2016 |
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EM Time Dependence
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time-stationary |
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EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
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Not applicable |
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EM Time Continuity
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Value
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Not applicable |
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EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
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Not applicable |
EM Spatial Extent
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Bounding Type
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Physiographic or ecological |
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Spatial Extent Name
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Barnstable beaches (Craigville Beach, Kalmus Beach, Keyes Memorial Beach, and Veteran’s Park Beach) |
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Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
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10-100 ha |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
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EM Spatial Distribution
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spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
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Spatial Grain Type
em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp
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length, for linear feature (e.g., stream mile) |
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Spatial Grain Size
em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp
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by beach site |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
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EM Computational Approach
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Analytic |
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EM Determinism
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deterministic |
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Statistical Estimation of EM
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Model Checking Procedures Used
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Model Calibration Reported?
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Yes |
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Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
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Yes |
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Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
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Model Operational Validation Reported?
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No |
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Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
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No |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp
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Yes ?Comment:p-values of <0.05 and <0.01 provided for regression coefficient explanatory variables. |
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Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
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Not applicable |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
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Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
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Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
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Centroid Latitude
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41.64 |
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Centroid Longitude
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-70.29 |
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Centroid Datum
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WGS84 |
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Centroid Coordinates Status
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Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
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EM Environmental Sub-Class
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Near Coastal Marine and Estuarine |
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Specific Environment Type
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Saltwater beach |
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EM Ecological Scale
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Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
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EM Organismal Scale
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Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
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| None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
em.detail.enviroAtlasURLHelp
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| None Available |
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
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(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
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EM Variable Names (and Units)
Predictor
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Intermediate
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Intermediate (Computed) Variables (and Units)
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None |
Response
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Observed Response Variables (and Units)
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None |
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Computed Response Variables (and Units)
view details (1 variable)
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