EcoService Models Library (ESML)
Home
Search EMs
My
EMs 
Learn about
ESML
View ESML Data Maploading
Compare EMs
Which comparison is best for me?EM Variables by Variable Role
One quick way to compare ecological models (EMs) is by comparing their variables. Predictor variables show what kinds of influences a model is able to account for, and what kinds of data it requires. Response variables show what information a model is capable of estimating.
This first comparison shows the names (and units) of each EM’s variables, side-by-side, sorted by variable role. Variable roles in ESML are as follows:
- Predictor Variables
- Time- or Space-Varying Variables
- Constants and Parameters
- Intermediate (Computed) Variables
- Response Variables
- Computed Response Variables
- Measured Response Variables
EM Variables by Category
A second way to use variables to compare EMs is by focusing on the kind of information each variable represents. The top-level categories in the ESML Variable Classification Hierarchy are as follows:
- Policy Regarding Use or Management of Ecosystem Resources
- Land Surface (or Water Body Bed) Cover, Use or Substrate
- Human Demographic Data
- Human-Produced Stressor or Enhancer of Ecosystem Goods and Services Production
- Ecosystem Attributes and Potential Supply of Ecosystem Goods and Services
- Non-monetary Indicators of Human Demand, Use or Benefit of Ecosystem Goods and Services
- Monetary Values
Besides understanding model similarities, sorting the variables for each EM by these 7 categories makes it easier to see if the compared models can be linked using similar variables. For example, if one model estimates an ecosystem attribute (in Category 5), such as water clarity, as a response variable, and a second model uses a similar attribute (also in Category 5) as a predictor of recreational use, the two models can potentially be used in tandem. This comparison makes it easier to spot potential model linkages.
All EM Descriptors
This selection allows a more detailed comparison of EMs by model characteristics other than their variables. The 50-or-so EM descriptors for each model are presented, side-by-side, in the following categories:
- EM Identity and Description
- EM Modeling Approach
- EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
- EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
EM Descriptors by Modeling Concepts
This feature guides the user through the use of the following seven concepts for comparing and selecting EMs:
- Conceptual Model
- Modeling Objective
- Modeling Context
- Potential for Model Linkage
- Feasibility of Model Use
- Model Certainty
- Model Structural Information
Though presented separately, these concepts are interdependent, and information presented under one concept may have relevance to other concepts as well.
Compare Criteria:
Show Criteria
Hide CriteriaEM Identity and Description
EM Identification
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363 
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
EM Short Name
em.detail.shortNameHelp
?
|
Divergence in flowering date, Central French Alps | InVEST (v1.004) water purification, Indonesia | InVEST carbon storage and sequestration (v3.2.0) | VELMA soil temperature, Oregon, USA | Decrease in erosion (shoreline), St. Croix, USVI | Yasso07 v1.0.1, Switzerland | DayCent N2O flux simulation, Ireland | Waterfowl pairs, CREP wetlands, Iowa, USA | Wildflower mix supporting bees, CA, USA | Specific conductivity, USA |
|
EM Full Name
em.detail.fullNameHelp
?
|
Functional divergence in flowering date, Central French Alps | InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs v1.004) water purification (nutrient retention), Sumatra, Indonesia | InVEST v3.2.0 Carbon storage and sequestration | VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments) soil temperature, Oregon, USA | Decrease in erosion (shoreline) by reef, St. Croix, USVI | Yasso07 v1.0.1 forest litter decomposition, Switzerland | DayCent simulation N2O flux and climate change, Ireland | Waterfowl pairs, CREP (Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program) wetlands, Iowa, USA | Wildflower planting mix supporting bees in agricultural landscapes, CA, USA | Specific Conductivity, USA |
|
EM Source or Collection
em.detail.emSourceOrCollectionHelp
?
|
EU Biodiversity Action 5 | InVEST | InVEST | US EPA | US EPA | None | None | None | None | US EPA |
|
EM Source Document ID
|
260 | 309 | 315 | 317 | 335 | 343 | 358 | 372 | 400 | 460 |
|
Document Author
em.detail.documentAuthorHelp
?
|
Lavorel, S., Grigulis, K., Lamarque, P., Colace, M-P, Garden, D., Girel, J., Pellet, G., and Douzet, R. | Bhagabati, N. K., Ricketts, T., Sulistyawan, T. B. S., Conte, M., Ennaanay, D., Hadian, O., McKenzie, E., Olwero, N., Rosenthal, A., Tallis, H., and Wolney, S. | The Natural Capital Project | Abdelnour, A., McKane, R. B., Stieglitz, M., Pan, F., and Chen, Y. | Yee, S. H., Dittmar, J. A., and L. M. Oliver | Didion, M., B. Frey, N. Rogiers, and E. Thurig | Abdalla, M., Yeluripati, J., Smith, P., Burke, J., Williams, M. | Otis, D. L., W. G. Crumpton, D. Green, A. K. Loan-Wilsey, R. L. McNeely, K. L. Kane, R. Johnson, T. Cooper, and M. Vandever | Williams, N.M., Ward, K.L., Pope, N., Isaacs, R., Wilson, J., May, E.A., Ellis, J., Daniels, J., Pence, A., Ullmann, K., and J. Peters | Olson, J.R., and S.M. Cormier |
|
Document Year
em.detail.documentYearHelp
?
|
2011 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2014 | 2010 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 |
|
Document Title
em.detail.sourceIdHelp
?
|
Using plant functional traits to understand the landscape distribution of multiple ecosystem services | Ecosystem services reinforce Sumatran tiger conservation in land use plans | Carbon storage and sequestration - InVEST (v3.2.0) | Effects of harvest on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pacific Northwest forest catchment | Comparison of methods for quantifying reef ecosystem services: A case study mapping services for St. Croix, USVI | Validating tree litter decomposition in the Yasso07 carbon model | Testing DayCent and DNDC model simulations of N2O fluxes and assessing the impacts of climate change on the gas flux and biomass production from a humid pasture | Assessment of environmental services of CREP wetlands in Iowa and the midwestern corn belt | Native wildflower Plantings support wild bee abundance and diversity in agricultural landscapes across the United States | Modeling Spatial and Temporal Variation in Natural Background Specific Conductivity |
|
Document Status
em.detail.statusCategoryHelp
?
|
Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published | Peer reviewed and published |
|
Comments on Status
em.detail.commentsOnStatusHelp
?
|
Published journal manuscript | Published journal manuscript | Website | Published journal manuscript | Published journal manuscript | Published journal manuscript | Published journal manuscript | Published report | Published journal manuscript | Published journal manuscript |
Software and Access
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
| Not applicable | https://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/invest/ | https://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/invest/ | Bob McKane, VELMA Team Lead, USEPA-ORD-NHEERL-WED, Corvallis, OR (541) 754-4631; mckane.bob@epa.gov | Not applicable | http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/yasso-download-and-support | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | (https://edg.epa.gov/ metadata/catalog/main/home.page) | |
|
Contact Name
em.detail.contactNameHelp
?
|
Sandra Lavorel | Nirmal K. Bhagabati | The Natural Capital Project | Alex Abdelnour | Susan H. Yee |
Markus Didion ?Comment:Tel.: +41 44 7392 427 |
M. Abdalla | David Otis | Neal Williams | John Olson |
|
Contact Address
|
Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553 CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France | The Nature Conservancy, 1107 Laurel Avenue, Felton, CA 95018 | 371 Serra Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5020 USA | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355, USA | US EPA, Office of Research and Development, NHEERL, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland | Dept. of Botany, School of Natural Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland | U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Iowa State University | Department of Entomology and Mematology, Univ. of CA, One Shilds Ave., Davis, CA 95616 | California State Univ. Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside CA 93955 |
|
Contact Email
|
sandra.lavorel@ujf-grenoble.fr | nirmal.bhagabati@wwfus.org | invest@naturalcapitalproject.org | abdelnouralex@gmail.com | yee.susan@epa.gov | markus.didion@wsl.ch | abdallm@tcd.ie | dotis@iastate.edu | nmwilliams@ucdavis.edu | joolson@csumb.edu |
EM Description
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
Summary Description
em.detail.summaryDescriptionHelp
?
|
ABSTRACT: "Here, we propose a new approach for the analysis, mapping and understanding of multiple ES delivery in landscapes. Spatially explicit single ES models based on plant traits and abiotic characteristics are combined to identify ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ spots of multiple ES delivery, and the land use and biotic determinants of such distributions. We demonstrate the value of this trait-based approach as compared to a pure land-use approach for a pastoral landscape from the central French Alps, and highlight how it improves understanding of ecological constraints to, and opportunities for, the delivery of multiple services. Vegetative height and leaf traits such as leaf dry matter content were response traits strongly influenced by land use and abiotic environment, with follow-on effects on several ecosystem properties, and could therefore be used as functional markers of ES." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Functional divergence of flowering date was modelled using mixed models with land use and abiotic variables as fixed effects (LU + abiotic model) and year as a random effect…and modelled for each 20 x 20 m pixel using GLM estimated effects for each land use category and estimated regression coefficients with abiotic variables." | Please note: This ESML entry describes a specific, published application of an InVEST model. Different versions (e.g. different tiers) or more recent versions of this model may be available at the InVEST website. ABSTRACT: "...Here we use simple spatial analyses on readily available datasets to compare the distribution of five ecosystem services with tiger habitat in central Sumatra. We assessed services and habitat in 2008 and the changes in these variables under two future scenarios: a conservation-friendly Green Vision, and a Spatial Plan developed by the Indonesian government..." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "We used a modeling tool, InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs version 1.004; Tallis et al., 2010), to map and quantify tiger habitat quality and five ecosystem services. InVEST maps ecosystem services and the quality of species habitat as production functions of LULC using simple biophysical models. Models were parameterized using data from regional agencies, literature surveys, global databases, site visits and prior field experience (Table 1)... Our nutrient retention model estimates nitrogen and phosphorus loading (kg y^-1), leading causes of water pollution from fertilizer application and other activities, using the export coefficient approach of Reckhow et al. (1980). The model routes nutrient runoff from each land parcel downslope along the flow path, with some of the nutrient that originated upstream being retained by the parcel according to its retention efficiency. For assessing variation within the same LULC map (2008 and each scenario), we compared sediment and nutrient retention across the landscape. However, for assessing change to scenarios, we compared sediment and nutrient export between the relevant LULC maps, as the change in export (rather than in retention) better reflects the change in service experienced downstream. ...Although InVEST reports ecosystem services in biophysical units, its simple models are best suited to understanding broad patterns of spatial variation (Tallis and Polasky, 2011), rather than for precise quantification. Additionally, we lacked field measurements against which to calibrate our outputs. Therefore, we focused on relative spatial distribution across the landscape, and relative change to scenarios." | Please note: This ESML entry describes an InVEST model version that was current as of 2015. More recent versions may be available at the InVEST website. ABSTRACT: "Terrestrial ecosystems, which store more carbon than the atmosphere, are vital to influencing carbon dioxide-driven climate change. The InVEST model uses maps of land use and land cover types and data on wood harvest rates, harvested product degradation rates, and stocks in four carbon pools (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, soil, dead organic matter) to estimate the amount of carbon currently stored in a landscape or the amount of carbon sequestered over time. Additional data on the market or social value of sequestered carbon and its annual rate of change, and a discount rate can be used in an optional model that estimates the value of this environmental service to society. Limitations of the model include an oversimplified carbon cycle, an assumed linear change in carbon sequestration over time, and potentially inaccurate discounting rates." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "A fifth optional pool included in the model applies to parcels that produce harvested wood products (HWPs) such as firewood or charcoal or more long-lived products such as house timbers or furniture. Tracking carbon in this pool is useful because it represents the amount of carbon kept from the atmosphere by a given product." | ABSTRACT: "We used a new ecohydrological model, Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments (VELMA), to analyze the effects of forest harvest on catchment carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We applied the model to a 10 ha headwater catchment in the western Oregon Cascade Range where two major disturbance events have occurred during the past 500 years: a stand-replacing fire circa 1525 and a clear-cut in 1975. Hydrological and biogeochemical data from this site and other Pacific Northwest forest ecosystems were used to calibrate the model. Model parameters were first calibrated to simulate the postfire buildup of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in plants and soil from 1525 to 1969, the year when stream flow and chemistry measurements were begun. Thereafter, the model was used to simulate old-growth (1969–1974) and postharvest (1975–2008) temporal changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics…" AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "The soil column model consists of three coupled submodels:...a soil temperature model [Cheng et al., 2010] that simulates daily soil layer temperatures from surface air temperature and snow depth by propagating the air temperature first through the snowpack and then through the ground using the analytical solution of the one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation" | ABSTRACT: "...We investigated and compared a number of existing methods for quantifying ecological integrity, shoreline protection, recreational opportunities, fisheries production, and the potential for natural products discovery from reefs. Methods were applied to mapping potential ecosystem services production around St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Overall, we found that a number of different methods produced similar predictions." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "A number of methods have been developed for linking biophysical attributes of reef condition, such as reef structural complexity, fish biomass, or species richness, to provisioning of ecosystem goods and services (Principe et al., 2012). We investigated the feasibility of using existing methods and data for mapping production of reef ecosystem goods and services. We applied these methods toward mapping potential ecosystem goods and services production in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI)...For each of the five categories of ecosystem services, we chose a suite of models and indices for estimating potential production based on relative ease of implementation, consisting of well-defined parameters, and likely availability of input data, to maximize potential for transferability to other locations. For each method, we assembled the necessary reef condition and environmental data as spatial data layers for St. Croix (Table1). The coastal zone surrounding St. Croix was divided into 10x10 m grid cells, and production functions were applied to quantify ecosystem services provisioning in each grid cell...Shoreline protection as an ecosystem service has been defined in a number of ways including protection from shoreline erosion...and can thus be estimated as % Decrease in erosion due to reef = 1 - (Ho/H)^2.5 where Ho is the attenuated wave height due to the presence of the reef and H is wave height in the absence of the reef." | ABSTRACT: "...We examined the validity of the litter decomposition and soil carbon model Yasso07 in Swiss forests based on data on observed decomposition of (i) foliage and fine root litter from sites along a climatic and altitudinal gradient and (ii) of 588 dead trees from 394 plots of the Swiss National Forest Inventory. Our objectives were to (i) examine the effect of the application of three different published Yasso07 parameter sets on simulated decay rate; (ii) analyze the accuracy of Yasso07 for reproducing observed decomposition of litter and dead wood in Swiss forests;…" AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Yasso07 (Tuomi et al., 2011a, 2009) is a litter decomposition model to calculate C stocks and stock changes in mineral soil, litter and deadwood. For estimating stocks of organic C in these pools and their temporal dynamics, Yasso07 (Y07) requires information on C inputs from dead organic matter (e.g., foliage and woody material) and climate (temperature, temperature amplitude and precipitation). DOM decomposition is modelled based on the chemical composition of the C input, size of woody parts and climate (Tuomi et al., 2011 a, b, 2009). In Y07 it is assumed that DOM consists of four compound groups with specific mass loss rates. The mass flows between compounds that are either insoluble (N), soluble in ethanol (E), in water (W) or in acid (A) and to a more stable humus compartment (H), as well as the flux out of the five pools (Fig. 1, Table A.1; Liski et al., 2009) are described by a range of parameters (Tuomi et al., 2011a, 2009)." "For this study, we used the Yasso07 release 1.0.1 (cf. project homepage). The Yasso07 Fortran source code was compiled for the Windows7 operating system. The statistical software R (R Core Team, 2013) version 3.0.1 (64 bit) was used for administrating theYasso07 simulations. The decomposition of DOM was simulated with Y07 using the parameter sets P09, P11 and P12 with the purpose of identifying a parameter set that is applicable to conditions in Switzerland. In the simulations we used the value of the maximum a posteriori point estimate (cf. Tuomi et al., 2009) derived from the distribution of parameter values for each set (Table A.1). The simulations were initialized with the C mass contained in (a) one litterbag at the start of the litterbag experiment for foliage and fine root litter (Heim and Frey, 2004) and (b) individual deadwood pieces at the time of the NFI2 for deadwood. The respective mass of C was separated into the four compound groups used by Y07. The simulations were run for the time span of the observed data. The result of the simulation was an annual estimate of the remaining fraction of the initial mass, which could then be compared with observed data." | Simulation models are one of the approaches used to investigate greenhouse gas emissions and potential effects of global warming on terrestrial ecosystems. DayCent which is the daily time-step version of the CENTURY biogeochemical model, and DNDC (the DeNitrification–DeComposition model) were tested against observed nitrous oxide flux data from a field experiment on cut and extensively grazed pasture located at the Teagasc Oak Park Research Centre, Co. Carlow, Ireland. The soil was classified as a free draining sandy clay loam soil with a pH of 7.3 and a mean organic carbon and nitrogen content at 0–20 cm of 38 and 4.4 g kg−1 dry soil, respectively. The aims of this study were to validate DayCent and DNDC models for estimating N2O emissions from fertilized humid pasture, and to investigate the impacts of future climate change on N2O fluxes and biomass production. Measurements of N2O flux were carried out from November 2003 to November 2004 using static chambers. Three climate scenarios, a baseline of measured climatic data from the weather station at Carlow, and high and low temperature sensitivity scenarios predicted by the Community Climate Change Consortium For Ireland (C4I) based on the Hadley Centre Global Climate Model (HadCM3) and the Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B emission scenario were investigated. DayCent predicted cumulative N2O flux and biomass production under fertilized grass with relative deviations of +38% and (−23%) from the measured, respectively. However, DayCent performs poorly under the control plots, with flux relative deviation of (−57%) from the measured. Comparison between simulated and measured flux suggests that both DayCent model’s response to N fertilizer and simulated background flux need to be adjusted. DNDC overestimated the measured flux with relative deviations of +132 and +258% due to overestimation of the effects of SOC. DayCent, though requiring some calibration for Irish conditions, simulated N2O fluxes more consistently than did DNDC. We used DayCent to estimate future fluxes of N2O from this field. No significant differences were found between cumulative N2O flux under climate change and baseline conditions. However, above-ground grass biomass was significantly increased from the baseline of 33 t ha−1 to 45 (+34%) and 50 (+48%) t dry matter ha−1 for the low and high temperature sensitivity scenario respectively. The increase in above-ground grass biomass was mainly due to the overall effects of high precipitation, temperature and CO2 concentration. Our results indicate that because of high N demand by the vigorously growing grass, cumulative N2O flux is not projected to increase significantly under climate change, unless more N is applied. This was observed for both the high and low temperature sensitivity scenarios. | ABSTRACT: "This final project report is a compendium of 3 previously submitted progress reports and a 4th report for work accomplished from August – December, 2009. Our initial primary objective (Progress Report I) was prediction of environmental services provided by the 27 Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) wetland sites that had been completed by 2007 in the Prairie Pothole Region of northcentral Iowa. The sites contain 102.4 ha of wetlands and 377.4 ha of associated grassland buffers... With respect to wildlife habitat value, USFWS models predicted that the 27 wetlands would provide habitat for 136 pairs of 6 species of ducks, 48 pairs of Canada Geese, and 839 individuals of 5 grassland songbird species of special concern..." AUTHOR'S DESCRIPTION: "Number of duck pairs per site was estimated for 6 species of ducks: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors), Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), and Wood Duck (Aix sponsa), using models developed by Cowardin et al. (1995). Pair abundance was based on wetland class (i.e., temporary, seasonal, semi-permanent, lake, or river), wetland size, and a set of species specific regression coefficients. All CREP wetlands were considered semi-permanent for this analysis; therefore only coefficients associated with the semipermanent wetland pair model were used in calculations. The general equation used to estimate the pairs per wetland was: Pairs = e (a + bx + α) * p where, e = mathematical constant ≈ 2.718, a = species specific regression coefficient a, b = species specific regression coefficient b, x = the natural log of wetland size, α = species specific alpha value, and p = proportion of the basin containing water (assumed to be 0.90 for this analysis)" | Abstract: " Global trends in pollinator-dependent crops have raised awareness of the need to support managed and wild bee populations to ensure sustainable crop production. Provision of sufficient forage resources is a key element for promoting bee populations within human impacted landscapes, particularly those in agricultural lands where demand for pollination service is high and land use and management practices have reduced available flowering resources. Recent government incentives in North America and Europe support the planting of wildflowers to benefit pollinators; surprisingly, in North America there has been almost no rigorous testing of the performance of wildflower mixes, or their ability to support wild bee abundance and diversity. We tested different wildflower mixes in a spatially replicated, multiyear study in three regions of North America where production of pollinatordependent crops is high: Florida, Michigan, and California. In each region, we quantified flowering among wildflower mixes composed of annual and perennial species, and with high and low relative diversity. We measured the abundance and species richness of wild bees, honey bees, and syrphid flies at each mix over two seasons. In each region, some but not all wildflower mixes provided significantly greater floral display area than unmanaged weedy control plots. Mixes also attracted greater abundance and richness of wild bees, although the identity of best mixes varied among regions. By partitioning floral display size from mix identity we show the importance of display size for attracting abundant and diverse wild bees. Season-long monitoring also revealed that designing mixes to provide continuous bloom throughout the growing season is critical to supporting the greatest pollinator species richness. Contrary to expectation, perennials bloomed in their first season, and complementarity in attraction of pollinators among annuals and perennials suggests that inclusion of functionally diverse species may provide the greatest benefit. Wildflower mixes may be particularly important for providing resources for some taxa, such as bumble bees, which are known to be in decline in several regions of North America. No mix consistently attained the full diversity that was planted. Further study is needed on how to achieve the desired floral display and diversity from seed mixes. " Additional information in supplemental Appendices online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1748.1.sm | We developed a random forest model that predicts natural background specific conductivity (SC), a measure of total dissolved ions, for all stream segments in the contiguous United States at monthly time steps between the years 2001 to 2015. Models were trained using 11 796 observations made at 1785 minimally impaired stream segments and validated with observations from an additional 92 segments. Static predictors of SC included geology, soils, and vegetation parameters. Temporal predictors were related to climate and enabled the model to make predictions for different dates. The model explained 95% of the variation in SC among validation observations (mean absolute error = 29 μS/cm, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.85). The model performed well across the period of interest but exhibited bias in Coastal Plain and Xeric regions (26 and 30%, respectively). National model predictions showed large spatial variation with the greatest SC predicted to occur in the desert southwest and plains. Model predictions also reflected changes at individual streams during drought. |
|
Specific Policy or Decision Context Cited
em.detail.policyDecisionContextHelp
?
|
None identified | This analysis provided input to government-led spatial planning and strategic environmental assessments in the study area. This region contains some of the last remaining forest habitat of the critically endangered Sumatran tiger, Panthera tigris sumatrae. | None identified | None identified | None identified | None identified | climate change | None identified | None identified | N/A |
|
Biophysical Context
|
Elevations ranging from 1552 m to 2442 m, on predominantly south-facing slopes | Six watersheds in central Sumatra covering portions of Riau, Jambi and West Sumatra provinces. The Barisan mountain range comprises the western edge of the watersheds, while peat swamps predominate in the east. | Not applicable | Basin elevation ranges from 430 m at the stream gauging station to 700 m at the southeastern ridgeline. Near stream and side slope gradients are approximately 24o and 25o to 50o, respectively. The climate is relatively mild with wet winters and dry summer. Mean annual temperature is 8.5 oC. Daily temperature extremes vary from 39 oC in the summer to -20 oC in the winter. | No additional description provided | Different forest types dominated by Norway Spruce (Picea abies), European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa). | Agricultural field, Ann rainfall 824mm, mean air temp 9.4°C | Prairie pothole region of north-central Iowa | field plots near agricultural fields (mixed row crop, almond, walnuts), central valley, Ca | Stream segment taken from StreamCat database |
|
EM Scenario Drivers
em.detail.scenarioDriverHelp
?
|
No scenarios presented | Baseline year 2008, future LULC Sumatra 2020 Roadmap (Vision), future LULC Government Spatial Plan | Optional future scenarios for changed LULC and wood harvest | No scenarios presented | No scenarios presented |
No scenarios presented ?Comment:Yasso model simulations were run using 3 different parameter sets from: 1) Tuomi et al., 2009 (P09), 2) Tuomi et al., 2011 (P11), and 3) Rantakari et al., 2012 (P12). |
air temperature, precipitation, Atmospheric CO2 concentrations | No scenarios presented | Varied wildflower planting mixes of annuals and perennials | N/A |
EM Relationship to Other EMs or Applications
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
Method Only, Application of Method or Model Run
em.detail.methodOrAppHelp
?
|
Method + Application | Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs | Method Only | Method + Application | Method + Application |
Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs ?Comment:Yasso model simulations were run using 3 different parameter sets from: 1) Tuomi et al., 2009 (P09), 2) Tuomi et al., 2011 (P11), and 3) Rantakari et al., 2012 (P12). |
Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs | Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs | Method + Application (multiple runs exist) View EM Runs | Method + Application |
|
New or Pre-existing EM?
em.detail.newOrExistHelp
?
|
New or revised model | Application of existing model | New or revised model | Application of existing model | Application of existing model | Application of existing model | Application of existing model | New or revised model | New or revised model | New or revised model |
Related EMs (for example, other versions or derivations of this EM) described in ESML
em.detail.relatedEmHelp
?
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
Document ID for related EM
em.detail.relatedEmDocumentIdHelp
?
|
Doc-260 | Doc-269 | Doc-338 | Doc-205 | Doc-309 | Doc-13 | Doc-317 | Doc-335 | Doc-342 | Doc-344 | None | None | Doc-400 | None |
|
EM ID for related EM
em.detail.relatedEmEmIdHelp
?
|
EM-65 | EM-66 | EM-68 | EM-69 | EM-70 | EM-71 | EM-80 | EM-81 | EM-82 | EM-83 | EM-438 | EM-112 | EM-349 | EM-375 | EM-380 | EM-884 | EM-883 | EM-887 | EM-447 | EM-448 | EM-466 | EM-469 | EM-480 | EM-485 | EM-598 | EM-705 | EM-703 | EM-702 | EM-701 | EM-700 | EM-784 | EM-793 | None |
EM Modeling Approach
EM Relationship to Time
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
EM Temporal Extent
em.detail.tempExtentHelp
?
|
2007-2008 | 2008-2020 | Not applicable | 1969-2008 | 2006-2007, 2010 | 1993-2013 | 1961-1990 | 2002-2007 | 2011-2012 | 2001-2015 |
|
EM Time Dependence
em.detail.timeDependencyHelp
?
|
time-stationary | time-stationary | time-dependent | time-dependent | time-stationary | time-dependent | time-dependent | time-stationary | time-dependent | time-dependent |
|
EM Time Reference (Future/Past)
em.detail.futurePastHelp
?
|
Not applicable | Not applicable | future time | future time | Not applicable | future time | both | Not applicable | past time | past time |
|
EM Time Continuity
em.detail.continueDiscreteHelp
?
|
Not applicable | Not applicable | discrete | discrete | Not applicable | discrete | discrete | Not applicable | discrete | discrete |
|
EM Temporal Grain Size Value
em.detail.tempGrainSizeHelp
?
|
Not applicable | Not applicable | 1 | 1 | Not applicable | 1 | 1 | Not applicable | 1 | 3 |
|
EM Temporal Grain Size Unit
em.detail.tempGrainSizeUnitHelp
?
|
Not applicable | Not applicable | Year | Day | Not applicable | Year | Day | Not applicable | Year | Month |
EM Spatial Extent
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
Bounding Type
em.detail.boundingTypeHelp
?
|
Physiographic or Ecological | Watershed/Catchment/HUC | Not applicable | Watershed/Catchment/HUC | Physiographic or ecological | Geopolitical | Point or points | Multiple unrelated locations (e.g., meta-analysis) |
Point or points ?Comment:This is a guess based on information in the document. 3 field sites were separated by up to 9km |
Geopolitical |
|
Spatial Extent Name
em.detail.extentNameHelp
?
|
Central French Alps | central Sumatra | Not applicable | H. J. Andrews LTER WS10 | Coastal zone surrounding St. Croix | Switzerland | Oak Park Research centre | CREP (Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program) wetland sites | Agricultural plots | Contiguous United States |
|
Spatial Extent Area (Magnitude)
em.detail.extentAreaHelp
?
|
10-100 km^2 | 100,000-1,000,000 km^2 | Not applicable | 10-100 ha | 100-1000 km^2 | 10,000-100,000 km^2 | 1-10 ha | 1-10 km^2 | 10-100 km^2 | >1,000,000 km^2 |
Spatial Distribution of Computations
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
EM Spatial Distribution
em.detail.distributeLumpHelp
?
|
spatially distributed (in at least some cases) | spatially distributed (in at least some cases) | spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
spatially distributed (in at least some cases) ?Comment:See below, grain includes vertical, subsurface dimension. |
spatially distributed (in at least some cases) | spatially distributed (in at least some cases) | spatially lumped (in all cases) | spatially distributed (in at least some cases) | spatially lumped (in all cases) | spatially distributed (in at least some cases) |
|
Spatial Grain Type
em.detail.spGrainTypeHelp
?
|
area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | volume, for 3-D feature | area, for pixel or radial feature | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | Not applicable | other (specify), for irregular (e.g., stream reach, lake basin) | Not applicable | area, for pixel or radial feature |
|
Spatial Grain Size
em.detail.spGrainSizeHelp
?
|
20 m x 20 m | 30 m x 30 m | application specific | 30 m x 30 m surface pixel and 2-m depth soil column | 10 m x 10 m | 5 sites | Not applicable | multiple, individual, irregular shaped sites | Not applicable | 3.1 km2 |
EM Structure and Computation Approach
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
EM Computational Approach
em.detail.emComputationalApproachHelp
?
|
Analytic | Analytic | Analytic | Numeric | Analytic | Numeric | Numeric | Analytic | Numeric | Analytic |
|
EM Determinism
em.detail.deterStochHelp
?
|
deterministic | deterministic | deterministic | deterministic | deterministic | stochastic | deterministic | deterministic | deterministic | deterministic |
|
Statistical Estimation of EM
em.detail.statisticalEstimationHelp
?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Model Checking Procedures Used
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
Model Calibration Reported?
em.detail.calibrationHelp
?
|
No | No | Not applicable | No | Yes | No | No | Unclear | No | Yes |
|
Model Goodness of Fit Reported?
em.detail.goodnessFitHelp
?
|
Yes | No | Not applicable | No | No | No |
Yes ?Comment:for N2O fluxes |
No | No | Yes |
|
Goodness of Fit (metric| value | unit)
em.detail.goodnessFitValuesHelp
?
|
|
None | None | None | None | None |
|
None | None |
|
|
Model Operational Validation Reported?
em.detail.validationHelp
?
|
No | No | Not applicable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | No | Yes |
|
Model Uncertainty Analysis Reported?
em.detail.uncertaintyAnalysisHelp
?
|
No | No | Not applicable | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
|
Model Sensitivity Analysis Reported?
em.detail.sensAnalysisHelp
?
|
No | No | Not applicable | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
|
Model Sensitivity Analysis Include Interactions?
em.detail.interactionConsiderHelp
?
|
Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Yes |
EM Locations, Environments, Ecology
Location of EM Application
Terrestrial location (Classification hierarchy: Continent > Country > U.S. State [United States only])
em.detail.relationToSpaceTerrestrialHelp
?
| EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
|
None |
|
None |
|
|
|
|
|
Marine location (Classification hierarchy: Realm > Region > Province > Ecoregion)
em.detail.relationToSpaceMarineHelp
?
| EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
| None | None | None | None |
|
None | None | None | None | None |
Centroid Lat/Long (Decimal Degree)
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
Centroid Latitude
em.detail.ddLatHelp
?
|
45.05 | 0 | -9999 | 44.25 | 17.73 | 46.82 | 52.86 | 42.62 | 29.4 | 39.83 |
|
Centroid Longitude
em.detail.ddLongHelp
?
|
6.4 | 102 | -9999 | -122.33 | -64.77 | 8.23 | 6.54 | -93.84 | -82.18 | 98.58 |
|
Centroid Datum
em.detail.datumHelp
?
|
WGS84 | WGS84 | Not applicable | WGS84 | WGS84 | WGS84 | None provided | WGS84 | WGS84 | WGS84 |
|
Centroid Coordinates Status
em.detail.coordinateStatusHelp
?
|
Provided | Provided | Not applicable | Provided | Estimated | Estimated | Provided | Estimated | Provided | Estimated |
Environments and Scales Modeled
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
EM Environmental Sub-Class
em.detail.emEnvironmentalSubclassHelp
?
|
Agroecosystems | Grasslands | Inland Wetlands | Lakes and Ponds | Forests | Agroecosystems | Created Greenspace | Grasslands | Scrubland/Shrubland | Barren | Not applicable | Forests | Near Coastal Marine and Estuarine | Forests | Agroecosystems | Inland Wetlands | Agroecosystems | Grasslands | Agroecosystems | Rivers and Streams |
|
Specific Environment Type
em.detail.specificEnvTypeHelp
?
|
Subalpine terraces, grasslands, and meadows | 104 land use land cover classes | Terrestrial environments, but not specified for methods | 400 to 500 year old forest dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). | Coral reefs | forests | farm pasture | Wetlands buffered by grassland set in agricultural land | Agricultural landscape | Stream segment |
|
EM Ecological Scale
em.detail.ecoScaleHelp
?
|
Ecological scale is coarser than that of the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class | Not applicable | Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale corresponds to the Environmental Sub-class | Ecological scale is finer than that of the Environmental Sub-class |
Scale and taxa of organisms modeled
Scale of differentiation of organisms modeled
em.detail.nameOfOrgsOrGroupsHelp
?
|
EM ID
em.detail.idHelp
?
|
EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
|
EM Organismal Scale
em.detail.orgScaleHelp
?
|
Community | Community | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Community | Not applicable | Species | Species | Not applicable |
Taxonomic level and name of organisms or groups identified
taxonomyHelp
?
| EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
| None Available | None Available | None Available | None Available | None Available | None Available | None Available |
|
|
None Available |
EnviroAtlas URL
EM Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) potentially modeled, by classification system
CICES v 4.3 - Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Section > Division > Group > Class)
em.detail.cicesHelp
?
| EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
| None |
|
|
None |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/national-ecosystem-services-classification-system-nescs-plus">National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus</a>
fegs1Help
?
(Environmental Subclass > Ecological End-Product (EEP) > EEP Subclass > EEP Modifier)
fegs2Help
?
| EM-79 |
EM-363
|
EM-374 | EM-379 | EM-449 |
EM-467
|
EM-593
|
EM-632
|
EM-812
|
EM-982 |
| None | None | None | None |
|
None |
|
|
|
|